As concerns, firstly, campaign propaganda, it should be noted that electoral campaigns are in essence information campaigns by the candidates designed to convince the voters. Statements on policy made by candidates in the context of an election may often be regarded by their opponents as disinformation or false information. Regardless of form and medium, political statements in the context of campaigning are typically value judgments or statements that fall under the candidate’s freedom of expression, unless they exceed permissible limits, e.g. in the form of hate speech against political opponents.58 Considering the ECtHR’s jurisprudence on judicial interference with campaign messaging,59 it is currently hard to see how the form and content of campaign messaging of candidates could amount to a violation of electoral law that may lead to the annulment of the elections.