However, there are some states in which the media’s ability to operate freely is seriously restricted. In several countries, anti-terror and anti-extremist legislation and a restrictive regulatory framework seriously challenge the freedom of media and induce self-censsorhip (e.g. Azerbaijan, Russia, and Turkey). In the case of Azerbaijan, the Commissioner for Human Rights of the CoE remained “particularly concerned about the lack of pluralism in the country’s media and arbitrary interferences with media freedom” (CommDH(2019)027, para 5).