PACE in its Resolution 2254 (2019) on media freedom as a condition for democratic elections called on member states to implement effective strategies to protect the electoral process from disinformation and undue propaganda through social media. It proposed measures such as developing specific regulatory frameworks for Internet content at election times, and the establishing of a clear legal liability for the social media companies that publish illegal content harmful to candidates – while ensuring that sanctions do not lead to self-censorship of opponent opinions and critical views and by avoiding extreme measures such as the blocking of entire websites. PACE further called on organisations in the media sector to develop self-regulation frameworks with professional and ethical standards for their coverage of election campaigns, and on internet intermediaries to develop fact-checking tools and to co-operate with civil society and organisations of all political affiliations specialising in the verification of content.