Complaint and appeals procedures must be open at least to voters and electoral contestants. A reasonable quorum may, however, be imposed for appeals by voters against the results of an election (CDL-AD(2002)023rev2-cor, Expl. Report para. 99). In some countries, however, the legal framework is unnecessarily restrictive, given that only contestants and their proxies, but not voters are able to file a claim (e.g. Armenia, Lithuania), or that complaints by voters are limited to their non-inclusion in voter lists (e.g. Georgia). Furthermore, in order to comply with international standards, the complaint and appeals procedures should clearly provide the following rights for voters and electoral contestants: The rights to file a complaint, to present evidence in support of the complaint, to a public and fair hearing on the complaint, to impartial and transparent proceedings dealing with the complaint, to an effective and speedy remedy, as well as to appeal to an appellate court if a remedy is denied (see for example CDL-AD(2004)027, para. 111). In practice, however, these rights are not always respected. At times, even credible complaints are left without any legal redress.