As a matter of principle, electoral violations should be investigated, and electoral violators should be held accountable by law. Thus, election (and party) legislation and/or framework legislation such as civil and penal codes should specify election-related offences (which can be committed by voters, candidates, parties, media, electoral and public officials, etc.) and the legal sanctions for such offences (e.g. forfeiture of contributions or public funding, suspension or disqualification for a candidate, fines or imprisonment). In order to promote transparency, it might be helpful to list election-related offences in the electoral law, such as, for instance, in Georgia.