The Internet and social media have fundamentally changed the nature of electoral campaigns. Established rules on electoral campaigning, for example with regard to the regulation of political advertising, are often not adapted to the digital environment, opening the door for non-transparent activities from domestic and foreign actors. Furthermore, creating and using accurate profiles of users for electoral campaigning and political advertising represent a significant risk to privacy and personal data protection. Responsible digital electoral campaigning and political advertising requires action from political contestants, social media platforms and public authorities.