Electoral disputes cannot be limited to complaints on election day or on election results, which are often the most visible disputes of an electoral process. They must also address any types of disputes that may arise in the course of an electoral process. This means that electoral disputes can derive from the various phases of an electoral process, broadly understood. This includes mainly the following phases: when relevant boundary delimitation, procurements, voter and candidate registration (de-registration or refusal of registration as well); the official period of the electoral campaign; election day itself (voting, closing and counting operations); results (their tabulation, transmission, issuance). Election dispute resolution relates more generally to challenges against decisions issued by administrations, public agencies and any relevant electoral stakeholder, especially election commissions at all levels of an election administration.