Article 3 of the First Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rightson the right to free elections does not mention ways to complain about supposed violations during electoral processes. Nevertheless, the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights has recognised the procedural aspect of the right to free elections, implying the protection of citizens with regard to the effectiveness of the system of appeal. It emphasised that “a domestic system for effective examination of individual complaints and appeals in matters concerning electoral rights is one of the essential guarantees of free and fair elections”.