Decisions on complaints and appeals in the electoral field are overwhelmingly taken in a collegial composition, be they by election commissions or courts, except for cases related to voter registration or disputes related to election day, where a decision by a single judge is common; this can be explained by the necessity to issue a very quick decision. Apart from such cases, the composition of the body deciding on complaints and appeals in electoral matters should preferably be a collegiate one. Moreover, the Venice Commission regularly recommended to provide clear and consistent complaints and appeals procedures so as to avoid any conflicts of jurisdiction.