The present report dealt earlier with the issue of election results from the perspective of the competency of bodies entitled to adjudicate complaints on election results. Regarding the grounds for complaining on election results, 39 countries allow to challenge final election results based on potential violations of electoral legislation that may have had an impact on the results. However, only 19 countries allow to challenge preliminary results. In these countries, complaints against election results must therefore be lodged and decided upon before the validation and announcement of the final results.