Grounds for lodging complaints and appeals should not be limited to violations of electoral rights, freedoms and interests due to the state’s decisions and actions. They should also include inactions and inadequate enforcement by public and private electoral stakeholders. While procedural limitations to the exercise of the complaints and appeals’ system may be permitted, the standards leave little room for limitations on the complaint/appeal grounds themselves as long as they concern the exercise of the right to vote and to stand for election, as well as all aspects of the election process flowing from these rights. That is why electoral laws and other laws should provide for a full range of complaints and appeals on all types of errors, irregularities or violations of the law that may arise in the whole course of an electoral process, falling under the positive and negative obligations of the state to hold free elections.