More precisely, each act of the election administration should be formally published, broadly available for information to electoral stakeholders and appealable to a court. Publicity can be ensured through public media and by immediate publication on the Internet. All decisions of election commissions should be clear and reasoned so that aggrieved persons can judge whether to make a formal complaint. Complaints and appeals’ procedures should also be transparent thanks to the accessibility of a number of sources, such as, depending on the countries: the publication of complaints, responses and decisions, for instance through a freely accessible database on the Internet of complaints and appeals lodged, which should not only contain the information on the issues challenged, but as far as possible, also an access to the documents submitted by the parties, as well as the resolutions and protocols of the hearings. Transparency provides assurance to complainants and voters that electoral malfeasance has been corrected and serves as a potential deterrence to future misconduct.