The rights to free association and free expression are fundamental to the proper functioning of a democratic society. Political parties, as collective instruments for political expression, must be able to fully enjoy such rights. Fundamental rights afforded to political parties and their members are found principally in Articles 19 and 22 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (hereinafter “ICCPR”), and in Article 10 and 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights (hereinafter “ECHR”), which protect the rights to freedom of expression and opinion and the right to freedom of association respectively.