Focusing on the content of the amendments to different political and electoral laws in Georgia under consideration in this Joint Opinion, the first common characteristic is the restriction of political pluralism and the limitation of the rights of the opposition. The amendments would limit widely the rights of citizens to associate politically, to participate in elections, and the right to hold public offices, all of them recognized in the Georgian Constitution (Articles 23, 24 and 25), and the main international human rights instruments mentioned above. In general, such restrictions do not seem to be necessary or proportionate measures to deal with the problem of the absence of the Members of Parliament during parliamentary sessions. Moreover, there does not appear to have been extensive consultations with relevant stakeholders, including non-party stakeholders.