Recourse to referendums is fairly frequent in Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands (solely at municipal level), Sweden and “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia”. Local referendums are held from time to time in the Czech Republic, Denmark and Russia (over 130 examples, but the number of local and regional authorities must be borne in mind). In Estonia and Finland, local referendums primarily concern mergers of municipalities. In France, nine institutional referendums have been held since 1958, including five in 2003; consultative referendums were held in a large number of municipalities before the introduction of local decision-making referendums. Belgium has a few experiences of consultative referendums at local, but not provincial, level. Only two local referendums have taken place in Portugal, and only one in Malta. In Poland, local referendums have only been held concerning dismissal of directly elected authorities. In Spain, only five regional referendums have been held, all relating to approval of statutes of autonomy.