The rules which states share are usually minimum rules guaranteeing the democratic nature of the vote. To be truly democratic, referendums - like elections - must satisfy certain requirements. One, which recurs throughout this report, is respect for procedures provided for in law. Others are common to both elections and referendums, and cover respect for the principles inherent in Europe’s electoral heritage, which apply mutatis mutandis to referendums.  Those which are obvious are not detailed here, but those which may apply in a special way to referendums, such as the rules on election campaigns or judicial review, are examined in more depth.