There are several factors which make any regulation in this area particularly difficult: as mentioned previously, the borderless nature of the internet; the involvement of a variety of – in particular private – actors; the fact that some regulations – e.g. in the area of campaign funding – are either not applicable or inadequate in the online-context. In addition, there are several fundamental rights and freedoms at stake which may in certain situations conflict with each other, in particular freedom of expression, personal data protection and privacy, the right to free elections, equality, and freedom of commerce.