The constant and simultaneous flux of information in real time across multiple platforms represents a huge challenge for the surveillance of behaviour and resources during political campaigns. Moreover, the scattered and anonymous creation of content seriously hampers the identification and attribution of responsibilities for illegal online behaviours. The growing use of bots and trolls to set agenda in the social media, as well as the massive distribution of false information, seriously damage the equity in the electoral competition and allow for external actors to manipulate the discourse and the voting preferences. Furthermore, the algorithms that govern search engines and social media may foster a partial and sometimes illusory comprehension of politics and democracy.