The issue of including annexed territories into an electoral constituency should be distinguished from the separate issue of ex pat or out-of-country voting. The latter can also have the effect of distorting the nexus between the body politic and the electorate, but the question of borders is not central. A state might allow ex pat or out-of-country voting by voters who find themselves in territories outside the effective control of the state’s authorities. In this constellation. the state in which the voters are (the host state) might consider the voting as an infringement on its sovereignty. Indeed, the organisation of elections is a sovereign act and a host state might therefore refuse permission for voting or election stations outside embassies of the other state. Also, host states might restrict campaign events for the foreign election. In contrast, in case of an (attempted) annexation, the State to which the annexed territory lawfully belongs, can for factual reasons not effectively prevent or effectively refuse to give permission to organise the elections in its territory.