According to Article 178 of the Constitution, the JNE is vested with the usual tasks of central election management bodies (including oversight of the equality of suffrage and the conduct of elections, referenda, and other popular election processes; preparing electoral rolls; ensuring the enforcement of rules on political organizations and other provisions concerning elections; declaring the winners in elections, and issuing their credentials; announcing the results of referenda or other popular consultations). However, the JNE is also tasked with the administration of justice on election matters, and, according to Article 142 of the Constitution, its decisions are “based on the law and the general principles of law”, rather than simply on the basis of policy or expediency and are not subject to review before the Court. Finally, the JNE has the additional power, according to Article 178 paragraph 2, to initiate legislation and submit the draft budget of all election management bodies to Congress; Article 96 contemplates the right of the members of Congress to request a report from the JNE, which is not common in relation to courts. Such a right is not contemplated in relation to courts in Peru as well. Article 177 of the Constitution provides that different election management bodies, including the JNE, have to cooperate. Such cooperation foreseen at the constitutional level is uncommon between courts and administrative bodies. The same can be concluded from the Organic law of the JNE, Articles 1 and 5.