The Venice Commission thus recommends the public regulation of private networks to ensure that information disorders are addressed, and the digital platforms meet their obligations to allow for the free expression of the opinions of its users subject to the respect of the human rights of the other users. Private regulation can go beyond this public minimum, but remains subject to constitutional public regulation. In this context, the Venice Commission recalls the principles set forth in this respect in the Updated Rule of Law Checklist: “It is essential to guarantee a robust civic space in both the analogue and digital worlds. It is therefore necessary to transfer and adapt the recognised principles of power checks and balances reflected in the Rule of Law to the digital civic space. Given the important public function performed by online platforms in today's societies, those with significant social impact may be considered private actors whose decisions impact ordinary citizens similarly to those of public authorities […]. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a responsibility framework for these platforms to ensure compliance with the rule of law. One way to achieve could be to impose legal requirements within the terms of use that these platforms impose on their users. In any case, the social impact of some online platforms justifies a risk assessment and mitigation framework aimed at ensuring respect for human rights, as well as equitable access to private expression and participation in public debate. Similarly, platforms with significant social impact should be legally required to assess and mitigate the risks of discriminatory effects arising from their content moderation mechanisms and other platform features. This framework should be enforced by independent regulators and be subject to subsequent judicial review alongside previous alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, such as mediation.”