Further to Resolution 2525 (2024), entitled “The theme of migration and asylum in electoral campaigns and its consequences on the reception of migrants and their rights”, the then-President of the PACE invited the Venice Commission and the Council for Democratic Elections to consider preparing a preliminary study with a view to drafting a code of conduct for electoral candidates and the media, focusing on combating hate speech from the perspective of non-discrimination, particularly in relation to narratives on migration and asylum. On that basis, the Venice Commission, on the proposal of the Council for Democratic Elections, decided to prepare a report with a focus on freedom of expression and prohibition of hate speech in a pluralist society in the light of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the standards drawn up by Council of Europe bodies, notably Committee of Ministers recommendations.