Council of Europe - Venice Commission

UKRAINE - Constitution (1996)

Article 81;

04. ESTONIA – Riigikogu Election Act (2024)

Article 26;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2008)

Article 67;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2002)

Article 100; Article 101; Article 102; Article 103;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2021)

Article 130; Article 35;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 127; Article 128 (1 ); Article 129; Article 130; Article 132; Article 133 ; Article 134 ; Article 135 ; Article 136 ; Article 137 ; Article 35 ; Article 8 (1 ); Article 83 ; Article 85 ; Article 86; Article 87 ; Article 88 ; Article 90 ; Article 91 ;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2016)

Article 130;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2018)

Article 130; Article 35;

ARMENIA- Electoral Code (2007)

Article 100; Article 101; Article 102; Article 103; Article 104; Article 67; Article 72; Article 99;

AUSTRIA - Federal Law on National Council Elections (Regulations on National Council Elections 1992 – NRWO) (1992)

§ 91;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2003)

Article 52;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2019)

Article 146; Article 147; Article 180; Article 181; Article 214; Article 54; Article 56; Article 57;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2000)

Article 60; Article 62;

BiH – Election Law last (amended 2024) (2001)

Article 3 (1); Article 3 (1); Article 4 (1); Article 4 (2);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 3 (1); Article 4 (1); Article 4 (2);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2018)

Article 3 (1); Article 4 (1); Article 4 (2);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 3 (1); Article 4 (2); Article 4 (1);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 3 (1); Article 4 (1);

BULGARIA - Election Code (2019)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2020)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2021)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2014)

Article 117; Article 156; Article 164; Article 253; Article 255 ; Article 256 ; Article 258; Article 60; Article 74; Article 75; Article 91;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2023)

Article 117; Article 156; Article 164; Article 253; Article 255; Article 256; Article 258; Article 75; Article 91;

CANADA - Canada Elections Act (2023)

Paragraph 406; Paragraph 407; Paragraph 408;

CANADA - Elections Act (2019)

Article 385; Article 40; Article 406; Article 477 (89); Article 68;

COSTA RICA - Electoral Act (2009)

ARTICLE 148; ARTICLE 151; ARTICLE 2; ARTICLE 233; ARTICLE 53;

CROATIA - Act on Election of Members of Representative Bodies of Local and Regional Self-Government Units (2005)

Article 15; Article 18; Article 22; Article 8;

CROATIA - Act on Election of Municipality Heads, Mayors, County Prefects and Mayor of City of Zagreb (2007)

Article 13; Article 15; Article 16; Article 19;

CROATIA - Act on Local Elections 2012 and Act on Amendments 2016 (2012)

CROATIA - Law on the Election of the President (2011)

Article 12; Article 22; Article 28;

DENMARK - Consolidated Act Concerning the Election of the Danish Members of the European Parliament (2024)

Section 1; Section 18; Section 19; Section 21; Section 22; Section 23; Section 24; Section 43;

DENMARK - Local and Regional Government Elections Act (2024)

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2019)

38; 39; 40; 41; 41 (a); 42; 82;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2020)

38; 39; 40; 41; 41 (a); 82;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2024)

Section 38; Section 39; Section 40; Section 41 ; Section 41 (a); Section 82;

DENMARK- Parliamentary Election Act (2009)

Article 32; Article 33; Article 37; Article 38; Article 39; Article 40; Article 41; Article 42;

ESTONIA - Riigikogu Election Act (2020)

Paragraph 26;

ESTONIA - Municipal Council Election Act (2020)

Paragraph 31 (1); Paragraph 32;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2021)

Article 103 (2); Article 115; Article 117; Article 13; Article 202; Article 203; Article 98;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2016)

Article 114; Article 115; Article 116; Article 117; Article 13; Article 98;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2018)

Article 103 (2); Article 115; Article 116; Article 117; Article 13;

GERMANY - Federal Elections Act (2013)

Article 21; Article 23; Article 24; Section 21; Section 27;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations (1994)

Article 39; Article 44;

GERMANY – Federal Elections Act (amended March 2024) (1993)

Section 21; Section 27;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII of 2011 on the election of the Members of the National Assembly (2025)

Section 13 ; Section 19 ; Section 5; Section 7;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII on the Election of Members of the National Assembly (2021)

Section 13 ; Section 19 ; Section 7;

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2018)

Section 5;

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2013)

Section 5;

HUNGARY - Act L of 2010 on the Election of Local Government Representatives and Mayors (2024)

Section 10; Section 11 (A); Section 8; Section 9 ;

HUNGARY - Act LXXXVII of 2013 on the Transparency of Campaign Costs related to the Election of the Members of the Parliament (2013)

Section 15; Section 2 (A ); Section 3 ; Section 3 (A); Section 4 ; Section 6 ; Section 7; Section 8 (A ); Section 8 (C);

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (2024)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (as of December 2024) (2025)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2018)

Section 119; Section 121; Section 123; Section 129; Section 130; Section 131; Section 132; Section 137; Section 138; Section 29; Section 307 (G); Section 307 (H); Section 307 (I); Section 307 (J); Section 307 (K); Section 320; Section 338;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2013)

Section 119; Section 121; Section 123; Section 129; Section 130; Section 131; Section 132; Section 137; Section 138; Section 254; Section 29; Section 307 (G); Section 307 (H); Section 307 (I); Section 307 (J); Section 307 (K); Section 338;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI on Election Procedure (2021)

HUNGARY – Act L of 2010 on the election of local government representatives and mayors (2025)

Section 10 ; Section 11 (A); Section 9 ;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2021)

Article 39; Article 40; Article 45; Article 46;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2023)

Article 39; Article 40 ; Article 45; Article 46;

KOREA - Public Offical Election Act (2014)

57 (.3); 57 (.4); 57 (.7); Article 47; Article 57 (.2);

KOSOVO - Law No. 03/L-072 on Local Elections (2008)

Article 7;

KOSOVO - Law on General Elections in the Republic of Kosovo (2023)

Article 28;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Electoral Code (2004)

Article 24;

LATVIA - Law on the Election of Local Government Councils (2020)

Section 15. ; Section 16. ; Section 17. ; Section 19. ;

LATVIA - Saeima Election Law (2022)

Section 10. ;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (1995)

Article 10;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (2019)

Article 10;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to Municipal Councils (2012)

Article 34; Article 35; Article 36; Article 38;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2016)

Article 17; Article 43;

MALTA - Act to Regulate the Formation, the Structures, Functioning and Financing of Political Parties and their Participation in Elections (2015)

Article 12; Article 2;

MALTA- General Elections Act (1996)

Article 49; Article 50;

MEXICO - General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures of Mexico (2014)

Article 238; Article 239; Article 240; Article 241;

MEXICO - General Law on Political Parties (2014)

Article 87; Article 88; Article 89;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2019)

Article 136; Article 144; Article 29; Article 53; Article 84; Article 85; Article 87;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code 2016 and 2017 Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of Parliament) (2017)

Article 125; Article 133; Article 26; Article 43; Article 48; Article I. (19); Article I. (30. Article 78); Article I. (30. Article 82); Article I. (30. Article 86);

MOLDOVA – Electoral Code (amended 2025) (2025)

Article 1; Article 111; Article 115; Article 163; Article 165; Article 27; Article 37; Article 63; Article 65; Article 66; Article 68; Article 72;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Representatives (2023)

Article 24; Article 30; Article 35 (a); Article 38; Article 39; Article 39 (a); Article 42; Article 43;

MONTENEGRO- Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives (2002)

Article 38; Article 39; Article 39a; Article 41; Article 42; Article 43;

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (1989)

Article 2H12 (H12); Article 2H14 (H14); Article 2H2 (H2); Article 2H6 (H6); Article 2I10 (I10); Article 2I14 (I14); Article 2R4 (R4);

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (2013)

Section G1; Section G2; Section G3; Section G4;

NORWAY - Election Act (2018)

Paragraph 6 (1); Paragraph 6 (2); Paragraph 6 (4);

NORWAY - Election Act (2021)

Section 6 (1);

POLAND - Election Code (2019)

Article 103 (a); Article 198; Article 204; Article 208;

POLAND - Election Code (2011)

Article 198; Article 204;

POLAND - Election Code Amendments (2023)

Article 103 (a); Article 103 (a); Article 204;

PORTUGAL - Electoral Law (2015)

Article 21;

PORTUGAL - Law Governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic (2020)

Article 15; Article 21;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 1; Article 111; Article 115; Article 163; Article 165; Article 27; Article 37; Article 63; Article 65; Article 66; Article 68; Article 72;

ROMANIA - Law no. 115 for the election of local public administration authorities, amending the Law of local public administration no. 215/2001, as well as amending and supplementing Law no. 393/2004 on the statute of local elected offi cials (2015)

Article 26; Article 27;

ROMANIA - Law No. 208 (2015)

Article 11; Article 12; Article 15; Article 51; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54; Article 56; Article 56 (1); Article 58;

ROMANIA - LAW No. 208 of 20 July 2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2024)

Article 11; Article 12; Article 15;

ROMANIA - Law no. 208/2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2015)

Article 57; Article 58; Article 61;

ROMANIA - Law no. 33 on the Rules and Regulations on the Elections to the european Parliament (2009)

Art. 5(2); Article 12; Article 24;

ROMANIA - Law No. 334 (2006)

Article 18;

ROMANIA - Law no. 334/2006 on financing the activity of political parties and electoral campaigns (2006)

Article 14;

ROMANIA - Law No. 370 (2024)

Article 27;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the President of Romania (2022)

Article 27;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as the Organisation and Functioning of the Permanente Electoral Authority (2020)

Article 11; Article 12; Article 15; Article 51; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54; Article 56; Article 58;

ROMANIA- Regulations on The Elections To The Chamber of Deputies and The Senate (2008)

Article 29;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens to Participate in a Referendum (2002)

Article 35;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (2011)

Article 32;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (2016)

Article 52;

SAN MARINO - Compilation of Electoral Legislation ()

Article 15;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (1993)

Article 3; Article 40; Article 43;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (2000)

Article 3;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2011)

Article 18;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2020)

Article 18; Article 48;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2020)

Article 40 (a); Article 42;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2022)

Article 135; Article 137; Article 138; Article 62; Article 63; Article 64; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67; Article 70; Article 71; Article 77; Article 77; Article 78;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2011)

Article 40a; Article 42;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Representatives (2000)

Article 45;

SLOVAKIA - Act on conditions for the exercise of the right to vote (2019)

Article 139 ; Article 142 ; Article 144 ; Article 147 ; Article 171 ; Article 174 ; Article 176 ; Article 179 ; Article 50 ; Article 54; Article 80; Article 84 ;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Elections to the Bodies of Self-government Regions and on Amendment to the Code of Civil Procedure (2001)

Article 14;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Elections to the National Council (2004)

Section 23;

SLOVENIA - Election of Slovenian Members of the European Parliament (2017)

Article 15; Article 16;

SLOVENIA - Election of Members of the European Parliament Act (2004)

Article 15; Article 16;

SLOVENIA - Local Elections Act (2023)

Article 109; Article 48 ; Article 50 ; Article 51 ; Article 65; Article 66; Article 68; Article 70 (a);

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2017)

Article 19; Article 25; Article 30; Article 31; Article 43; Article 48; Article 49;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2024)

Article 19 ; Article 25; Article 30 ; Article 31; Article 43; Article 48; Article 49;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2006)

Article 19; Article 25; Article 30; Article 31; Article 43; Article 48; Article 49;

SLOVENIA – National Assembly Election Act (as of February 2024) (1992)

Article 19; Article 25; Article 30; Article 31; Article 43; Article 48; Article 49;

SLOVENIA- National Assembly Elections Act (2000)

Article 42; Article 43;

SPAIN - Representation of the People Institutional Act (2011)

SWEDEN - Elections Act (2005)

Article 9 (Chapter 6);

SWITZERLAND - Federal Act on Political Rights (2022)

Article 31 ;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Act on Political Rights (2015)

Article 31;

TÜRKIYE - Amendments on Electoral Laws (2022)

Article 36 (Law On Political Parties (Law No. 2820));

TÜRKIYE - Law on Parliamentary Elections (2018)

Article 12; Article 12 (A); Article 13; Article 14; Article 15; Article 16; Article 26;

TÜRKIYE - Parliamentary Elections (1983)

Article 3;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2020)

Article 154;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2022)

Article 154;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of Deputies of Local Radas and of Village, Settlement, City Chairmen (1998)

Article 29;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2001)

Article 38; Article 40; Article 42;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the President (2004)

Article 47;

ALBANIA - Joint Opinion on the Amendements to the Constitution of 30 July of 2020 and to the Electoral Code of 5 Octobre 2020 (2020)

Paragraph 20; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45;

ALBANIA - Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 67; Paragraph 9;

ALBANIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2009)

Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21;

ARMENIA - Joint Final Opinion on The Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 8;

ARMENIA - Joint Interim Opinion on the new draft Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 7;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2023)

Paragraph 41; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 71; Paragraphe 41; Paragraphe 49; Paragraphe 50; Paragraphe 71;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draf Electoral Code (As of 18 April 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Constituional Law on Political Parties (2016)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38;

ARMENIA - Second Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (As Amended on 30 June 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 74;

ARMENIA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57;

BELARUS - Joint Opinion on the Electoral Legislation (2006)

Paragraph 24;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA- Joint Opinion on amendments to the Election Law (2008)

Paragraph 19; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22;

Comparative Report on thresholds and other features of electoral systems which bar parties from access to Parliament (2008)

Paragraph 10;

Declaration on Women's Participation in Elections (2006)

Page 1;

GEORGIA - Joint opinion on draft amendments to the Election Code and the Law on Political Associations of Citizens (2022)

Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2006)

Paragraph 37; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 61;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Draft Organic Law on: Making amendments and additions into the Organic Law-Election Code of Georgia (2005)

Paragraph 27;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Unified Election Code (2002)

Paragraph 75; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 79;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Unified Election Code (2004)

Paragraph 29;

HUNGARY - Joint Opinion of the Act on the Elections of Members of Parliament (2012)

Paragraph 5.38 (.38);

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Presidential and Parliamentary Elections, The Draft Law on Elections to Local Governments and the Draft Law on the Formation of Election Commissions (2011)

Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC- Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Law (2014)

Paragraph 130; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 58;

MEXICO- Opinion on the Draft Constitutional Amendments Concerning theElectoral System (2022)

Paragraph 50;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Code and other Related Laws Concerning Ineligibility of Persons Connected to Political Parties Declared Unconstitutional (2023)

Paragraph 54;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Laws on Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2017)

Paragraph 69;

MOLDOVA- Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 50;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Election Law (2003)

Paragraph 77;

MONTENEGRO - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of Members of Parliament and Councillors (2020)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58;

MONTENEGRO- Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Amendments to the Law on Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament (2011)

Paragraph 3A (A);

Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe (2020)

Paragraph 118; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 120; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 123; Paragraph 126; Paragraph 127; Paragraph 128; Paragraph 129; Paragraph 130;

Report on Electoral Rules and Affirmative Action for National Minorities´Participation in Decision-Making Process in European Countries (2005)

Paragraph 28; Paragraph 44;

Report on Proportional Electoral Systems: The Allocation of seats inside the lists (open/closed) lists (2015)

Report on Term-Limits Part II - Members of Parliament- Part III - Representatives elected at Sub-national and Local Level and Executive Officials electred at Sub-national and Local Level (2019)

Paragraph 53;

Report on the Impact of Electoral Systems on Women's Representation in Politics (2009)

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Code (2022)

Paragraph 18; Paragraph 72;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION- Opinion on the Federal Law on the Election of the Deputies of the State Duma (2012)

Paragraph 4; Paragraph 4.6 (.6);

SERBIA - Joint opinion on the constitutional and legal framework governing the functioning of democratic institutions - Electoral law and electoral administration (2022)

Paragraph 127; Paragraph 128; Paragraph 129; Paragraph 136; Paragraph 137; Paragraph 138; Paragraph 156; Paragraph 58;

SERBIA - Joint Opinion onf the Draft Law on Altering and amending the Law on Election of Members of Parliament (2011)

Paragraph 84.9 (.9); Paragraph 88; Paragraph 92;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Revised Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 3B (B);

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Amendments to the Laws on Election of People's Deputies and on the Central Election Commission and on the Draft Law on Repeat Elections of Ukraine (2013)

Paragraph 18; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 59;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2011)

Paragraph 69;

UKRAINE - Opinion on the Amendments to the Law on Elections Regarding the Exclusion of Candidates from Party Lists (2016)

UKRAINE- Opinion on the draft Law on election of people's deputies (Draft introducted by people's deputies S. Havrish, Y. Ioffe and H. Dashutin) (2003)

Paragraph 34;

Report on Electoral Systems - Overview of available solutions and selection criteria (2003)

Paragraph 91;