Council of Europe - Venice Commission

AUSTRIA - Extracts of the Costitution (2000)

Article 117; Article 117; Article 26; Article 26; Article 60; Article 60; Article 95; Article 95;

BELGIUM - Constitution (2020)

Article 11 (bis);

BELGIUM - Extracts Constitution (2014)

Article 11 (bis); Article 67;

IRELAND - Extracts of the Constitution (1937)

Article 16;

ITALY - Extracts of the Constitution (1947)

Article 48;

ITALY - Extracts of the Constitution (2024)

Article 117 ;

LIECHTENSTEIN- Extracts of the Constitution (1921)

Article 29;

LUXEMBOURG- Extracts of the Constitution (1994)

Article 52;

MONACO- Extracts of the Constitution (1962)

Article 53;

SLOVENIA - Constitution (2016)

Article 43;

SLOVENIA - Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia ()

Article 43;

SWITZERLAND - Extracts of the Constitution (2005)

Article 74;

TUNISIA - Constitution (2014)

Article 34; Article 46;

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA - Constitution (1992)

AMENDMENT XIX (1920);

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 175;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania (2020)

Article 164; Article 175; Article 19; Article 2 ; Article 29; Article 3 ; Article 4 ; Article 67; Article 72;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2021)

Article 3; Article 43;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 3 ;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2016)

Article 3;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2018)

Article 3;

AUSTRIA - Federal Law on the Election of the National Council (National Council Election Regulation 1992 – NRWO) (1992)

Article 126; Article 41;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2013)

Article 3;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2000)

Article 35;

BELGIUM - Electoral Code (2014)

Article 117 (1); Article 123;

BiH – Election Law last (amended 2024) (2001)

Article 16 (14); Article 16 (17.b); Article 4 (19);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 4 (19);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2018)

Article 4 (19);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 4 (19);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 4 (19);

COSTA RICA - Electoral Act (2009)

ARTICLE 148; ARTICLE 2;

GERMANY – Federal Elections Act (amended March 2024) (1993)

Section 55;

KOSOVO - Law No. 003/L-073 on General Elections and Amendments 2010 (2008)

Article 2; Article 27;

KOSOVO - Law No. 03/L-072 on Local Elections (2008)

Article 3;

KOSOVO - Law on General Elections in the Republic of Kosovo (2023)

Article 28; Article 4;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - On Presidential and Jogorku Kenesh Elections (2015)

Article 3; Article 60;

KYRGYZSTAN - Law on Elections of the President of the Republic and the Deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh (2020)

Article 60;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2012)

Article 2; Article 2; Article 46;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2016)

Article 2;

LITHUANIA - Law on Presidential Elections (2012)

Article 4;

LITHUANIA - Law on the Elections to the European Parliament (2003)

Article 3;

MALTA - Act to Regulate the Formation, the Structures, Functioning and Financing of Political Parties and their Participation in Elections (2015)

Article 6;

MEXICO - General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures of Mexico (2014)

Article 232; Article 233; Article 234; Article 241; Article 26;

MEXICO - General Law on Political Parties (2014)

Article 25; Article 3; Article 73;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2019)

Article 3; Article 46;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code 2016 and 2017 Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of Parliament) (2017)

Article 3; Article 41; Article I. (14); Article I. (30. Article 80); Article I. (30. Article 82);

MOLDOVA – Electoral Code (amended 2025) (2025)

Article 113; Article 115; Article 165; Article 17; Article 27; Article 28; Article 37; Article 50;

MOLDOVA- Electoral Code (1997)

Article 3;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Representatives (2023)

Article 39 (a);

MONTENEGRO- Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives (2002)

Article 104; Article 39a; Article 85;

NORTH MACEDONIA - ELECTORAL CODE (2019)

Article 153 (a); Article 21; Article 64; Article 155 (a);

POLAND - Election Code (2011)

Article 11;

REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA – Electoral Code (2022)

Article 2;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 113; Article 115; Article 165; Article 17; Article 27; Article 28; Article 37; Article 50;

ROMANIA - Law no. 115 for the election of local public administration authorities, amending the Law of local public administration no. 215/2001, as well as amending and supplementing Law no. 393/2004 on the statute of local elected offi cials (2015)

Article 7;

ROMANIA - Law No. 208 (2015)

Article 2 ; Article 52;

ROMANIA - Law No. 334 (2006)

Article 18;

ROMANIA - Law no. 334/2006 on financing the activity of political parties and electoral campaigns (2006)

Article 14;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as the Organisation and Functioning of the Permanente Electoral Authority (2020)

Article 2; Article 52;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (2011)

Article 4;

SAN MARINO - Compilation of Electoral Legislation ()

Article 15; Article 40;

SLOVENIA - Election of Slovenian Members of the European Parliament (2017)

Article 1; Article 10;

SLOVENIA - Election of Members of the European Parliament Act (2004)

Article 1; Article 10;

SLOVENIA - Local Elections Act (2023)

Article 70 (a);

SLOVENIA – National Assembly Election Act (as of February 2024) (1992)

Article 87;

SPAIN - Representation of the People Institutional Act (2011)

Article 44 (Bis);

SWEDEN - Elections Act (2005)

Article 12 (Chapter 15);

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 153 (a); Article 155 (a); Article 21; Article 64;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Local Elections (2004)

Article 22;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2020)

Article 154;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2022)

Article 154;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the President (2004)

Article 2;

ALBANIA - Joint Opinion on the Amendements to the Constitution of 30 July of 2020 and to the Electoral Code of 5 Octobre 2020 (2020)

Paragraph 46;

ALBANIA - Joint Opinion on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Practice (2011)

Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63;

ALBANIA - Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 97;

ALBANIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2009)

Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 9;

ARMENIA - First Opinion on the Draft Amendments to the Constitution (Charters 1 to 7 and 10) (2015)

Paragraph 27;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2023)

Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 75; Paragraphe 68; Paragraphe 69; Paragraphe 75;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draf Electoral Code (As of 18 April 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 118; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 120; Paragraph 121; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 21;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Constituional Law on Political Parties (2016)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38;

ARMENIA - Joint Urgent Opinion on Amendemnts to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 85;

ARMENIA - Second Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (As Amended on 30 June 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 17; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 73;

ARMENIA- Final Opinion on the Amendments to the Electoral Code (2005)

Paragraph 16;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA- Joint Opinion on amendments to the Election Law (2008)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17;

Declaration on Women's Participation in Elections (2006)

Page 1;

GEORGIA - Joint opinion on draft amendments to the Election Code and the Law on Political Associations of Citizens (2022)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 20;

GEORGIA - Opinion on Amendments to the Election Code Which Abolish Gender Quotas (2024)

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Draft Organic Law on: Making amendments and additions into the Organic Law-Election Code of Georgia (2005)

Paragraph 30;

GERMANY - Joint Opinion on the Amendments to the Federal Election Act (2023)

Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55 ; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61 ;

HAITI - Final Opinion on Possible Constitutional and Legislative Solutions to Conduct Future Electoral Processes (2024)

Paragraph 120; Paragraph 127; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 38;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC- Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Law (2014)

Paragraph 26; Paragraph 58;

MALTA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Act to Regulate the Formation, the Inner Structures, Fuctioning and Financing of Political Parties and their Participation in Elections (2014)

Paragraph 60;

MEXICO- Opinion on the Electoral Legislation of Mexico (2013)

Paragraph 8;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Laws on Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2017)

Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinión on the Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2018)

Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Legal Framework of Governing the Funding of Political Parties and Electoral Campaigns (2017)

Paragraph 35;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Law Amending the Electoral Legislation (2014)

Paragraph 46;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Working Text amending the Election Code (2010)

Paragraph 4.13 (.13);

MONTENEGRO - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of Members of Parliament and Councillors (2020)

Paragraph 24;

Report on Dual Voting For Persons Belonging to National Minorities (2008)

Paragraph 13;

Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe (2020)

Paragraph 121; Paragraph 258; Paragraph 259; Paragraph 260; Paragraph 261; Paragraph 262; Paragraph 263;

Report on Proportional Electoral Systems: The Allocation of seats inside the lists (open/closed) lists (2015)

Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 70;

Report on Term-Limits Part I - Presidents (2018)

Paragraph 118; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 73;

Report on Term-Limits Part II - Members of Parliament- Part III - Representatives elected at Sub-national and Local Level and Executive Officials electred at Sub-national and Local Level (2019)

Paragraph 25; Paragraph 37;

Report on the Impact of Electoral Systems on Women's Representation in Politics (2009)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 100; Paragraph 101; Paragraph 102; Paragraph 103; Paragraph 104; Paragraph 105; Paragraph 106; Paragraph 107; Paragraph 108; Paragraph 109; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 110; Paragraph 111; Paragraph 112; Paragraph 114; Paragraph 115; Paragraph 116; Paragraph 117; Paragraph 118; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 120; Paragraph 121; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 124; Paragraph 126; Paragraph 127; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 73; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 79; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 88; Paragraph 89; Paragraph 90; Paragraph 91; Paragraph 94; Paragraph 95; Paragraph 96; Paragraph 97; Paragraph 98; Paragraph 99;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Code (2022)

Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION- Opinion on the Federal Law on the Election of the Deputies of the State Duma (2012)

Paragraph 4.6.71 (.6.71);

SERBIA - Joint opinion on the constitutional and legal framework governing the functioning of democratic institutions - Electoral law and electoral administration (2022)

Paragraph 129; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 62;

SERBIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Financing Political Activities (2010)

Paragraph 3ii.24 (ii.24);

SERBIA - Joint Recommendations on the Laws on Parliamentary, Presidential and Local Elections and Electoral Administration (2006)

Paragraph 84;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code as Amended on 9 November 2015 (2016)

Paragraph 44;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 120; Paragraph 121; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 123; Paragraph 124;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Amendments to the Laws on Election of People's Deputies and on the Central Election Commission and on the Draft Law on Repeat Elections of Ukraine (2013)

Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18;

Report on Electoral Systems - Overview of available solutions and selection criteria (2003)

Paragraph 89; Paragraph 91;