Council of Europe - Venice Commission

ALBANIA - Constitution of Albania (2020)

Article 45;

ANDORRA - Constitution (1993)

Article 6;

BELGIUM - Constitution (2020)

Article 61;

BELGIUM - Extracts Constitution (2014)

Article 61;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA- Constitution (1995)

Article 1;

ITALY - Extracts of the Constitution (2024)

Article 58 ;

SLOVENIA - Constitution (2016)

Article 43;

SLOVENIA - Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia ()

Article 43;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (2021)

Article 136;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (1999)

Article 136;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 175; Article 3;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2002)

Article 121;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2021)

Article 2; Article 3;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 2; Article 3 ;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2016)

Article 3;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2018)

Article 2; Article 3;

ARMENIA - Law on Referendum (2001)

Article 2;

ARMENIA- Electoral Code (2007)

Article 4;

AUSTRIA - Federal Law on the Election of the National Council (National Council Election Regulation 1992 – NRWO) (1992)

Article 91; Article 97;

AUSTRIA - Federal Presidential Election Act (2016)

Section 4;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2003)

Article 10; Article 147; Article 181; Article 2; Article 4;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2013)

Article 3;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2000)

Article 61; Article 73;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 6;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2013)

Article 6;

BiH – Election Law last (amended 2024) (2001)

Article 1 (1.a); Article 1 (3); Article 12 (2); Article 12 (3); Article 20 (9);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (1a); Article 1 (3); Article 12 (2); Article 12 (3); Article 20 (9);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law of the Brcko District (2003)

Article 1.3 (.3);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINIA - Election Law (2001)

Article 1.03 (.03); Article 1.08 (.08); Article 1.11 (.11); Article 3.02 (.02); Article 3.04 (.04); Article 3.05 (.05); Article 3.13 (.13); Article 4.09 (.09);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2018)

Article 1 (1a); Article 1 (3); Article 12 (2); Article 12 (3); Article 20 (9);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (1a); Article 1 (3); Article 10 (14 ); Article 12 (2); Article 12 (3 ); Article 20 (9 );

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (1a); Article 1 (3); Article 12 (2); Article 12 (3); Article 20 (9);

BULGARIA - Election Code (2019)

Article 233; Article 234; Article 235; Article 236; Article 237; Article 238; Article 239; Article 240; Article 241; Article 242 (a); Article 243; Article 244; Article 307; Article 308; Article 314; Article 377; Article 399; Article 401; Article 467;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2020)

Article 233; Article 234; Article 235; Article 236; Article 237; Article 238; Article 240; Article 241; Article 242 (b); Article 243; Article 244; Article 307; Article 314; Article 377; Article 399; Article 401; Article 467;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2021)

Article 233; Article 234; Article 235; Article 236; Article 237; Article 238; Article 240; Article 241; Article 242 (a); Article 243; Article 244; Article 307; Article 308; Article 314; Article 377; Article 399; Article 401; Article 467;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2014)

Article 233; Article 234; Article 235; Article 236 ; Article 237 ; Article 238 ; Article 240 ; Article 241; Article 242a; Article 243; Article 244; Article 396; Article 397; Article 397; Article 401;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2023)

Artcle 233; Article 234; Article 235; Article 236; Article 237; Article 238; Article 240; Article 241; Article 242a; Article 243; Article 244; Article 396; Article 397; Article 401;

BULGARIA- Act on Election of Members of Parliament (2001)

Article 3; Article 36; Article 4;

CANADA - Canada Elections Act (2023)

Paragraph 176;

CANADA - Elections Act (2019)

Article 121; Article 245; Article 313 ;

COSTA RICA - Electoral Act (2009)

ARTICLE 2;

CROATIA - Act on Election of Representatives to the Croatian Parliament (1999)

Article 27; Article 83;

CROATIA - Act on Local Elections 2012 and Act on Amendments 2016 (2012)

Article 61;

CROATIA - Law on the Election of Members of the Representative Bodies of Local and Regional Self-government Units (2001)

Article 25;

CROATIA - Law on the Election of the President (2011)

Article 40; Article 41;

CROATIA - Parliamentary Elections Act (2015)

Article 38; Article 4;

CROATIA- The Law on the election of the President (1992)

Article 27;

CZECH REPUBLIC- Act on Elections to the Parliament and on Amendments of Certain Other Acts (1995)

Article 94;

DENMARK - Local and Regional Government Elections Act (2024)

Section 63; Section 64; Section 65;

ESTONIA - Parliamentary Election Act (2002)

Article 1;

ESTONIA - Referendum Act (2002)

Article 2; Article 22; Article 41; Article 48;

ESTONIA – President of the Republic Election Act (1996)

Article 1;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2021)

Article 111; Article 121; Article 122; Article 139; Article 141; Article 200 (1); Article 3; Article 35;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2016)

Article 111; Article 121; Article 122; Article 139; Article 141; Article 3; Article 35;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2018)

Article 111; Article 121; Article 122; Article 139; Article 141; Article 3; Article 35;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Law (1999)

Article 4;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations (1994)

Article 16; Article 48;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations (2017)

Section 19; Section 21; Section 46;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations as of 2020 (2020)

Section 19 ; Section 46;

GERMANY – Federal Electoral Regulations (2002)

Section 19; Section 46;

HUNGARY - Act C on Electoral Procedure (1997)

Article 3;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII of 2011 on the election of the Members of the National Assembly (2025)

Section 11 ;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII on the Election of Members of the National Assembly (2021)

Section 11;

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2018)

Section 3; Section 7;

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2013)

Section 3; Section 7;

HUNGARY - Act L of 2010 on the Election of Local Government Representatives and Mayors (2024)

Section 12; Section 13; Section 14; Section 18 (A); Section 19;

HUNGARY - Act L of 2010 on the Election of Municipal Representatives and Mayors (2010)

Section 12; Section 13; Section 14; Section 18 (A); Section 19;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (2024)

Section 2; Section 3; Section 334; Section 351 ; Section 367 (Annex 2/A to Act XXXVI of 2013);

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (as of December 2024) (2025)

Section 2; Section 3; Section 334; Section 351;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2018)

Section 117; Section 145; Section 2;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2013)

Section 117; Section 145; Section 177; Section 185; Section 2;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI on Election Procedure (2021)

Annex 2 to Act XXXVI of 2013 (A); Section 2 ; Section 3; Section 334; Section 351;

HUNGARY – Act L of 2010 on the election of local government representatives and mayors (2025)

Section 12 ; Section 13 ; Section 14 ; Section 18 (A); Section 19;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2021)

Article 17;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2023)

Article 17 ;

IRELAND - Electoral Act (2016)

Article 94;

KAZAKHSTAN - Constitutional Act On Elections (2011)

Article 5;

KOREA - Public Offical Election Act (2014)

Article 146;

KOSOVO - Law No. 003/L-073 on General Elections and Amendments 2010 (2008)

Article 2;

KOSOVO - Law No. 03/L-072 on Local Elections (2008)

Article 3; Article 7;

KOSOVO - Law on General Elections in the Republic of Kosovo (2023)

Article 4; Article 6;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - On Presidential and Jogorku Kenesh Elections (2015)

Article 4;

KYRGYZSTAN - Law on Elections of the President of the Republic and the Deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh (2020)

Article 31; Article 4;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2012)

Article 2; Article 2; Article 3; Article 58;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2016)

Article 2; Article 3;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2018)

Article 1; Article 3;

LITHUANIA - Law on Presidential Elections (2012)

Article 5; Article 50;

LITHUANIA - Law on Presidential Elections (2013)

Article 5;

LITHUANIA - Law on the Elections to the European Parliament (2003)

Article 10; Article 3; Article 4;

MALTA - General Elections Act (2012)

Article 18; Article 71;

MALTA- General Elections Act (1996)

Article 18; Article 70; Article 71;

MEXICO - General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures of Mexico (2014)

Article 341; Article 343;

MEXICO - General Law on Political Parties (2014)

Article 87;

MOLDOVA - Amendments to the Electoral Code (2020)

Article 2;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2019)

Article 10; Article 142; Article 174; Article 2; Article 205; Article 4; Article 59;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code 2016 and 2017 Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of Parliament) (2017)

Article 10; Article 131; Article 4; Article 54; Article I. (3);

MOLDOVA – Electoral Code (amended 2025) (2025)

Article 10; Article 8;

MOLDOVA- Electoral Code (1997)

Article 4;

MOLDOVA- Law on the Election of the President (1996)

Article 2; Article 27;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Representatives (2023)

Article 82;

MONTENEGRO - Law on the Election of the President (2023)

Article 11; Article 12;

MONTENEGRO - The Decree on Proclamation of the Law on Election of the President of Montenegro (2016)

Article 11; Article 12;

MONTENEGRO- Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives (2002)

Article 69; Article 71; Article 82; Article 83;

POLAND - Election Code (2019)

Article 201; Article 202; Article 260; Article 261; Article 3; Article 513;

POLAND - Election Code (2011)

Article 201; Article 201; Article 202; Article 260; Article 261; Article 3; Article 513;

POLAND - Election Code Amendments (2023)

Article 261; Article 513 ;

PORTUGAL - Electoral Law (2015)

Article 149; Article 80; Article 81;

PORTUGAL - Law Governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic (2020)

Article 80;

PORTUGAL - National Electoral Comission Law (1978)

Article 5;

REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA – Electoral Code (2022)

Article 1; Article 2; Article 2; Article 5 ;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 10; Article 4; Article 8;

ROMANIA - Law 115 for the Election of Local Public Administration, Authorities, Amending the Law of Local Public Adminsitration No. 215-2001 (2024)

Article 82;

ROMANIA - Law no. 115 for the election of local public administration authorities, amending the Law of local public administration no. 215/2001, as well as amending and supplementing Law no. 393/2004 on the statute of local elected offi cials (2015)

Article 1; Article 128; Article 2; Article 23;

ROMANIA - Law No. 208 (2015)

Article 103; Article 103 (1); Article 2 ; Article 25; Article 81; Article 92; Article 92 (1); Article 98;

ROMANIA - LAW No. 208 of 20 July 2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2024)

Article 103; Article 103 (1); Article 25; Article 81; Article 92; Article 92 (1); Article 98;

ROMANIA - Law no. 208/2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2015)

Article 3;

ROMANIA - Law no. 33 on the Rules and Regulations on the Elections to the european Parliament (2009)

Article 5;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as the Organisation and Functioning of the Permanente Electoral Authority (2020)

Article 103; Article 2; Article 25; Article 81; Article 92; Article 98;

ROMANIA - Regulations for the 2016 Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2015)

Article 25; Article 42;

ROMANIA- Regulations on The Elections To The Chamber of Deputies and The Senate (2008)

Article 4;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (2011)

Article 5;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Presidential Elections in the Russian Federation (2011)

Article 67;

SAN MARINO - Other Provisions Introduced by Qualified Law 1, 11 May 2007 (2007)

Article 25;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2011)

Article 3;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2020)

Article 3;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2017)

Article 79; Article 79 (a);

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2024)

Article 79; Article 79a;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2006)

Article 79; Article 79 (a);

SLOVENIA – National Assembly Election Act (as of February 2024) (1992)

Article 79; Article 79a;

SPAIN - Representation of the People Institutional Act (2011)

Article 146; Article 176; Article 177; Article 178; Article 184; Article 4; Article 5; Article 6; Article 79;

SWEDEN - Elections Act (2005)

Article 4 (Introductory provisions);

SWEDEN - Swedish Code of Statutes: Mail Voting in Certain cases Act (2003)

Article 4;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Voters' List (2002)

Article 16;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2020)

Article 12; Article 7;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2022)

Article 12 ; Article 7 ;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of Deputies of Local Radas and of Village, Settlement, City Chairmen (1998)

Article 1;

UKRAINE - Law on All-Ukrainian and Local Referendums (1991)

Article 7;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2001)

Article 7;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the People's Deputies (2016)

Article 2. ; Article 3.;

ALBANIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on the Legislative Initiative of the Citizens (2018)

Paragraph 15;

ARMENIA- Joint Opinion on the Amendments to the Electoral Code (2007)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 16;

GEORGIA - Joint Urgent Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Election Code (2021)

Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 66;

GERMANY - Joint Opinion on the Amendments to the Federal Election Act (2023)

Paragraph 30; Paragraph 32;

HAITI - Final Opinion on Possible Constitutional and Legislative Solutions to Conduct Future Electoral Processes (2024)

Paragraph 127;

HUNGARY - Joint Opinion of the Act on the Elections of Members of Parliament (2012)

Paragraph 5.37 (.37);

HUNGARY - Joint Opinion on the 2020 Amendments to the Electoral Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 43;

ITALY- Opinion on the Regulation of Public Participation, Citizen's Bills, Referendums and Popular Initiatives and Amendments to the Provincial Electoral Law of the Autonomous Province of Trento (2015)

Paragraph 16;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Presidential and Parliamentary Elections, The Draft Law on Elections to Local Governments and the Draft Law on the Formation of Election Commissions (2011)

Paragraph 15;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC- Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Law (2014)

Paragraph 34;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Laws on Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2017)

Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinión on the Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2018)

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Working Text amending the Election Code (2010)

Paragraph 4.44 (.44);

MONTENEGRO - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of Members of Parliament and Councillors (2020)

Paragraph 59; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 78;

Report on Dual Voting For Persons Belonging to National Minorities (2008)

Paragraph 46;

Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe (2020)

Report on Electoral Rules and Affirmative Action for National Minorities´Participation in Decision-Making Process in European Countries (2005)

Paragraph 17; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 22;

Report on Proportional Electoral Systems: The Allocation of seats inside the lists (open/closed) lists (2015)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57;

Report on Term-Limits Part I - Presidents (2018)

Paragraph 118; Paragraph 73;

Report on Term-Limits Part II - Members of Parliament- Part III - Representatives elected at Sub-national and Local Level and Executive Officials electred at Sub-national and Local Level (2019)

Paragraph 25;

Report on the Abolition of Restrictions on the right to vote in General Elections (2005)

Paragraph 58;

Report out-of Country Voting (2011)

Paragraph 18; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 90;

Revised Code of Good Practice on Referendums (2022)

2.1;

Summary Report on Voters Residing de Facto Abroad (2015)

Paragraph 35;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code as Amended on 9 November 2015 (2016)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2013)

Paragraph 4A (A);

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Legislation and Related "Harmonisation Laws" Adopted in March and April 2018 (2018)

Paragraph 27; Paragraph 52;

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on the Amendmets to the Electoral Legislation by Law No. 7393 of 31 March 2022 (2022)

Paragraph 37;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2011)

Paragraph 27; Paragraph 30;

UKRAINE - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law 3612 on Democracy Through All-Ukraine Referendum (2020)

Paragraph 73;

UNITED KINGDOM - Opinion on the Electoral Law (2007)

Paragraph 19;

VENEZUELA - ON THE LEGAL ISSUES RAISED BY DECREE No. 2878 OF 23 MAY 2017 OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC ON CALLING ELECTIONS TO A NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (2017)

Paragraph 55; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 77;

REPORT ON CONSTITUENCY DELINEATION AND SEAT ALLOCATION (2017)

Paragraph 88;

Report on Electoral Systems - Overview of available solutions and selection criteria (2003)

Report on the compatibility of remote voting and electronic voting with the standards of the Council of Europe (2004)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 7; Paragraph 8;