Council of Europe - Venice Commission

ALBANIA - Constitution (2016)

Article 68;

ALBANIA - Constitution of Albania (2020)

Article 68;

ITALY - Extracts of the Constitution (2024)

Article 56;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2008)

Article 63;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 2; Article 67; Article 69;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania (2020)

Article 165; Article 2 ; Article 63; Article 67; Article 68; Article 69; Article 72; Article 73;

ANDORRA - Electoral Law (2007)

Article 19; Article 20; Article 22; Article 23;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2021)

Article 130; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21; Article 84; Article 85; Article 86; Article 87; Article 88; Article 89; Article 90; Article 91;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 19 ; Article 83 ; Article 84 ; Article 85 ; Article 86; Article 87 ; Article 88 ; Article 89 ; Article 90 ; Article 91 ;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2016)

Article 130; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21; Article 85; Article 86; Article 87; Article 88; Article 89; Article 90; Article 91;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2018)

Article 130; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21; Article 8; Article 84; Article 85; Article 86; Article 87; Article 88; Article 89; Article 90; Article 91;

AUSTRIA - Federal Law on National Council Elections (Regulations on National Council Elections 1992 – NRWO) (1992)

§ 42; § 43; § 45; § 46;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2003)

Article 52;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2013)

Article 59;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2019)

Article 146; Article 147; Article 214; Article 215; Article 53; Article 56; Article 57; Article 59;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code of the Republic of Azerbaijan (last amended 2024) (2003)

Article 146; Article 147; Article 214; Article 215; Article 53; Article 56; Article 57; Article 59;

AZERBAIJAN - Law on Local Elections (1999)

Article 25;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2000)

Article 24; Article 40; Article 42; Article 61; Article 65;

BELGIUM - Electoral Code (2014)

Article 115 (1); Article 115 (2); Article 116; Article 117; Article 117 (1); Article 118; Article 126;

BiH – Election Law last (amended 2024) (2001)

Article 10 (3); Article 11 (3); Article 4 (1); Article 4 (2); Article 4 (4); Article 4 (5); Article 4 (6); Article 4 (11); Article 4 (12); Article 4 (15); Article 4 (17); Article 4 (18); Article 4 (19); Article 4 (20); Article 4 (21); Article 4 (22); Article 4 (23); Article 4 (24);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 10 (3²); Article 11 (3³); Article 4 (1); Article 4 (2); Article 4 (4); Article 4 (5); Article 4 (11); Article 4 (12); Article 4 (15); Article 4 (17); Article 4 (18); Article 4 (19); Article 4 (20); Article 4 (21); Article 4 (22); Article 4 (23); Article 4 (24);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law of the Brcko District (2003)

Article 4 (6);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2018)

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 10 (3 ); Article 4 (2); Article 4 (1); Article 4 (4); Article 4 (5); Article 4 (6); Article 4 (11); Article 4 (12); Article 4 (15); Article 4 (17); Article 4 (18); Article 4 (19); Article 4 (20); Article 4 (21); Article 4 (22); Article 4 (23); Article 4 (24);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

4 (15); Article 10 (3); Article 11 (33); Article 4 (1); Article 4 (4); Article 4 (5); Article 4 (6); Article 4 (11); Article 4 (12); Article 4 (17); Article 4 (18); Article 4 (19); Article 4 (20); Article 4 (21); Article 4 (22); Article 4 (23); Article 4 (24);

BULGARIA - Election Code (2019)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2020)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2021)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2014)

Article 157; Article 158; Article 253; Article 254; Article 258; Article 316; Article 317; Article 318 ; Article 321; Article 322; Article 365; Article 368; Article 369; Article 412; Article 417; Article 418;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2023)

Article 157; Article 158; Article 253; Article 254; Article 258; Article 259; Article 316; Article 317; Article 318; Article 321; Article 322; Article 364; Article 365; Article 368; Article 369; Article 412; Article 417; Article 418;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2017)

Article 258; Article 318;

CANADA - Canada Elections Act (2023)

Paragraph 187; Paragraph 188;

CANADA - Elections Act (2019)

Article 187; Article 188; Article 406;

CANADA – Elections Act (Last amended on March 26, 2025) (2025)

Article 187; Article 188;

COSTA RICA - Electoral Act (2009)

ARTICLE 148;

CROATIA - Act on Election of Members of Representative Bodies of Local and Regional Self-Government Units (2005)

Article 16; Article 17; Article 18; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21;

CROATIA - Act on Local Elections 2012 and Act on Amendments 2016 (2012)

Article 16; Article 17; Article 20; Article 21; Article 22;

CROATIA - Act on the Election of National Minority Councils and Representatives (2019)

Article 10; Article 13; Article 14; Article 15; Article 16; Article 17; Article 18; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21; Article 22; Article 23; Article 24; Article 25; Article 26; Article 27; Article 9;

CROATIA - Law on the Election of the President (2011)

Article 10;

CROATIA - Parliamentary Elections Act (2015)

Article 20;

CZECH REPUBLIC - Act on Elections to the Parliament (2006)

Article 31; Article 37;

DENMARK - Local and Regional Government Elections Act (2024)

Section 19; Section 20; Section 21; Section 21 (a); Section 22; Section 23; Section 24; Section 24 (a); Section 24 (b); Section 24 (c); Section 25; Section 26; Section 27;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2019)

39;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2020)

39;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2024)

Section 39;

ESTONIA - Municipal Council Election Act (2025)

Article 34; Article 35; Article 36;

ESTONIA - Parliamentary Election Act (2016)

§ 26. ;

ESTONIA – Local Government Council Election Act (1999)

Article 24; Article 25; Article 26; Article 27; Article 28; Article 29;

ESTONIA – Riigikogu Election Act (2024)

Article 30; Article 32;

FINLAND - Elections Act (2016)

Section 111; Section 121; Section 122; Section 124; Section 125;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2021)

Article 115; Article 130; Article 146; Article 154; Article 158; Article 164; Article 38;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2016)

Article 115; Article 130; Article 146; Article 154; Article 158; Article 164; Article 38;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2018)

Article 115; Article 130; Article 146; Article 154; Article 158; Article 164; Article 38;

GERMANY - Federal Elections Act (2013)

Article 18; Article 27; Section 27; Section 28;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations (1994)

Article 34; Article 39; Article 40;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations (2017)

Section 39; Section 40; Section 41; Section 42; Section 43;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations as of 2020 (2020)

Section 39 ; Section 40 ; Section 41 ; Section 42; Section 43;

GERMANY – Federal Elections Act (amended March 2024) (1993)

Section 27; Section 28;

GERMANY – Federal Electoral Regulations (2002)

Section 39; Section 40; Section 41; Section 42; Section 43;

HUNGARY - Act C on Electoral Procedure (1997)

Article 51; Article 53; Article 55;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII of 2011 on the election of the Members of the National Assembly (2025)

Section 19 ; Section 7;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII of 2011 On the Elections of Members of Parliament (2011)

Section 10; Section 7; Section 8; Section 9;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII on the Election of Members of the National Assembly (2021)

Section 19 ; Section 7;

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2018)

Section 5;

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2013)

Section 5;

HUNGARY - Act L of 2010 on the Election of Local Government Representatives and Mayors (2024)

Section 10; Section 11; Section 11 (A); Section 8; Section 9 (A);

HUNGARY - Act L of 2010 on the Election of Municipal Representatives and Mayors (2010)

Section 10; Section 11; Section 11 (A); Section 8; Section 9; Section 9 (A);

HUNGARY - Act No XXXIV of 1989 on the Election of Members of Parliament (1989)

Article 5; Article 8; Article 9;

HUNGARY - Act XXIII of 2022 Amending Certain Electoral and Related Laws (2022)

Section 18 ;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (2024)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (as of December 2024) (2025)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2018)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2013)

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI on Election Procedure (2021)

HUNGARY – Act L of 2010 on the election of local government representatives and mayors (2025)

Section 10 ; Section 11 ; Section 11 (A); Section 9 ; Section 9 (A);

ICELAND - Act No. 24 Concerning Parliamentary Elections to the Althing (2008)

Article 32; Article 33; Article 34; Article 35; Article 37; Article 42; Article 43; Article 45;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2021)

Article 22; Article 31; Article 37; Article 38; Article 39; Article 44; Article 49;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2023)

Article 22; Article 31 ; Article 37; Article 38; Article 39; Article 44; Article 49; Article 53;

ICELAND - Local Government Elections Act (2016)

Article 19; Article 22; Article 23; Article 24;

ICELAND - Local Government Elections Act No. 5/1998 (1998)

Article 19; Article 23; Article 26; Article 27; Article 28; Article 29; Article 31; Article 32;

KAZAKHSTAN - Constitutional Act On Elections (2011)

Article 104; Article 89;

KOREA - Public Offical Election Act (2014)

Article 47;

KOSOVO - Law No. 003/L-073 on General Elections and Amendments 2010 (2008)

Article 27; Article 28;

KOSOVO - Law on General Elections in the Republic of Kosovo (2023)

Article 28; Article 29 ;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Electoral Code (2004)

Article 72;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - On Presidential and Jogorku Kenesh Elections (2015)

Article 60; Article 61;

KYRGYZSTAN - Law on Elections of the President of the Republic and the Deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh (2020)

Article 60; Article 61;

LATVIA - Law on City, District, County and Pagasts Election Commissions and Polling Station Commissions (2002)

Article 20;

LATVIA - Law on the Election of Local Government Councils (2020)

Section 15. ; Section 16. ; Section 17. ; Section 18. ; Section 19. ; Section 20. ; Section 21. ; Section 22. (1); Section 24. (1);

LATVIA - Saeima Election Law (2022)

Section 10. ; Section 11. ; Section 12. ; Section 13. ; Section 13. (1 ); Section 14. ; Section 15. ; Section 6. ; Section 9. ;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (1998)

Article 10; Article 11; Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 15; Article 51;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (2019)

Article 10; Article 11; Article 12; Article 13; Article 13 (1); Article 14; Article 15; Article 6; Article 9;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (2014)

Article 10; Article 11; Article 12; Article 13; Article 13 (1); Article 14; Article 9;

MALTA - Act to Regulate the Formation, the Structures, Functioning and Financing of Political Parties and their Participation in Elections (2015)

Article 12;

MALTA - European Parliament Elections Act (2023)

Article 18; Article 20;

MEXICO - General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures of Mexico (2014)

Article 238; Article 239; Article 240; Article 241; Article 38; Article 39 ; Article 53; Article 66; Article 77;

MEXICO - General Law on Political Parties (2014)

Article 87; Article 88; Article 89;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2019)

Article 137; Article 49; Article 51; Article 84; Article 85; Article 87;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code 2016 and 2017 Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of Parliament) (2017)

Article 126; Article 41; Article 44; Article 46; Article I. (14); Article I. (16); Article I. (18); Article I. (23); Article I. (30. Article 78); Article I. (30. Article 79);

MOLDOVA – Electoral Code (amended 2025) (2025)

Article 112; Article 113; Article 115; Article 163; Article 165; Article 21; Article 37; Article 63; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67; Article 68;

MOLDOVA- Electoral Code (1997)

Article 126; Article 41; Article 43; Article 44; Article 79;

MOLDOVA- Law on the Election of the President (1996)

Article 4;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Representatives (2023)

Article 103; Article 24; Article 26; Article 32; Article 35 (a); Article 36; Article 38; Article 39; Article 39 (a); Article 4; Article 40; Article 42; Article 43; Article 46; Article 47; Article 48;

MONTENEGRO- Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives (2002)

Article 26; Article 39; Article 39a; Article 4; Article 4; Article 43; Article 44; Article 45; Article 49; Article 58; Article 59;

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (1989)

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (2013)

Section G1; Section G2; Section G3; Section G4; Section G5; Section H1; Section I19;

NETHERLANDS – Elections Act 2013 (as of 2025) (2013)

Article Ea 13; Article Ea 8; Article F 1; Article G 1; Article G 1 (a); Article G 2; Article G 2 (a); Article G 3; Article G 6; Article H 1; Article H 10; Article H 10 (a); Article H 11; Article H 12; Article H 13; Article H 13 (a); Article H 14; Article H 15; Article H 16; Article H 2; Article H 3; Article H 4; Article H 5; Article H 6; Article H 7; Article H 8; Article H 9; Article I 1; Article I 10; Article I 11; Article I 12; Article I 13; Article I 14; Article I 15; Article I 16; Article I 17; Article I 18; Article I 19; Article I 2; Article I 20; Article I 3; Article I 4; Article I 5; Article I 6; Article I 7; Article I 8; Article I 9; Article J 1; Article J 2; Article J 5; Article J 7; Article J 9; Article K 3; Article K 6; Article K 8; Article L 11; Article L 7; Article L 8; Article M 6; Article M 6 (b); Article M 7; Article N 1; Article N 18; Article Na 27; Article O 17; Article O 6; Article P 1 (d); Article P 20 (b); Article Pa 15; Article Pa 2; Article Pa 9; Article Q 4; Article Q 6; Article Q 7; Article R 1; Article R 10; Article R 11; Article R 2; Article R 3; Article R 4; Article R 5; Article R 6; Article R 7; Article R 8; Article R 9; Article R 9 (a); Article S 1; Article S 1 (a); Article S 10; Article S 11; Article S 12; Article S 13; Article S 14; Article S 15; Article S 16; Article S 2; Article S 3; Article S 4; Article S 5; Article S 6; Article S 7; Article S 8; Article S 9; Article T 1; Article U 1; Article Ua 4; Article V 4; Article Y 22 (a); Article Y 3; Article Y 32; Article Y 34; Article Y 35; Article Ya 10; Article Ya 10 (a); Article Ya 14; Article Ya 15; Article Ya 16; Article Ya 17; Article Ya 27; Article Ya 31 (b); Article Ya 31 (a); Article Ya 4; Article Ya 43; Article Ya 44; Article Ya 46; Article Ya 5; Article Ya 9; Section Ya 31;

NORTH MACEDONIA - ELECTORAL CODE (2019)

Article 139; Article 191 (a); Article 22; Article 57; Article 58; Article 59; Article 60; Article 62; Article 64; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67;

NORWAY - Election Act (2018)

Paragraph 6 (1); Paragraph 6 (2); Paragraph 6 (4); Paragraph 6 (5);

NORWAY - Election Act (2021)

Section 11 (10); Section 3 (3); Section 3 (4); Section 6 (1); Section 6 (2); Section 6 (3); Section 6 (4); Section 6 (5); Section 6 (7); Section 6 (8); Section 6 (9);

POLAND - Election Code (2019)

Article 182; Article 204; Article 208; Article 209; Article 210; Article 211; Article 212; Article 213; Article 214; Article 216; Article 217; Article 218; Article 219; Article 220; Article 221; Article 223; Article 224; Article 265 ;

POLAND - Election Code (2011)

Article 204; Article 211; Article 212; Article 213; Article 214; Article 265;

POLAND - Election Code Amendments (2023)

Article 182; Article 204; Article 209; Article 211; Article 217; Article 217; Article 265; Article 265 (a); Article 279;

POLAND - Parliamentary Election Law (2001)

Article 139;

PORTUGAL - Law Governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic (2020)

Article 15; Article 21; Article 23; Article 24; Article 25; Article 26; Article 27; Article 28; Article 29; Article 30; Article 32; Article 33; Article 34; Article 35; Article 36; Article 37; Article 38; Article 39;

REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA – Electoral Code (2022)

Article 140; Article 141; Article 2; Article 36 ; Article 70; Article 71; Article 72;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 112; Article 113; Article 115; Article 163; Article 165; Article 21; Article 37; Article 63; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67; Article 68;

ROMANIA - Law for the Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2022)

Article 27; Article 49; Article 50; Article 52; Article 7; Article 9;

ROMANIA - Law no. 115 for the election of local public administration authorities, amending the Law of local public administration no. 215/2001, as well as amending and supplementing Law no. 393/2004 on the statute of local elected offi cials (2015)

Article 27; Article 28; Article 39; Article 49; Article 58; Article 68; Article 7; Article 79; Article 8; Article 9;

ROMANIA - Law No. 208 (2015)

Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 15; Article 2 ; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54; Article 56; Article 56 (1); Article 58; Article 59; Article 60; Article 61; Article 68; Article 79; Article 94;

ROMANIA - LAW No. 208 of 20 July 2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2024)

Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 15; Article 68; Article 79; Article 94;

ROMANIA - Law no. 208/2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2015)

Article 52; Article 53; Article 54; Article 56;

ROMANIA - Law no. 33 on the Rules and Regulations on the Elections to the european Parliament (2009)

Article 13;

ROMANIA - Law No. 370 (2024)

Article 16; Article 18; Article 22 ; Article 23; Article 27; Article 28; Article 29; Article 30; Article 35; Article 4; Article 40; Article 41; Article 6 ; Article 65;

ROMANIA - Law no. 370 on the election of the President of Romania Republished (2004)

Article 27;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the President of Romania (2022)

Article 16; Article 18; Article 22; Article 27; Article 28; Article 29; Article 30; Article 35; Article 4; Article 40; Article 41; Article 6; Article 65;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as the Organisation and Functioning of the Permanente Electoral Authority (2020)

Article 12; Article 13; Article 14; Article 15; Article 2; Article 52; Article 53; Article 54; Article 56; Article 58; Article 59; Article 60; Article 61; Article 68; Article 79; Article 94;

ROMANIA - Law on the Organisation and Conduct of the Elections to the European Parliament (2022)

Article 16; Article 66;

ROMANIA- Regulations on The Elections To The Chamber of Deputies and The Senate (2008)

Article 29 (1);

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens to Participate in a Referendum (2002)

Article 32; Article 35; Article 38;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (2011)

Article 33; Article 35; Article 38; Article 71;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (2016)

Article 36; Article 38; Article 42; Article 49;

SAN MARINO - Compilation of Electoral Legislation ()

Article 14; Article 15; Article 21;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (1993)

Article 3; Article 34; Article 38; Article 42; Article 46;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (2000)

Article 3;

SERBIA - Law on Election of the President of the Republic (2009)

Article 11; Article 9;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2011)

Article 18; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21; Article 22; Article 23; Article 24; Article 25; Article 26; Article 27;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2020)

Article 18; Article 19; Article 20; Article 21; Article 22; Article 23; Article 24; Article 25; Article 26; Article 27;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2020)

Article 40; Article 40 (a); Article 41; Article 42; Article 44; Article 45; Article 46;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2022)

Article 125; Article 138; Article 139; Article 72; Article 75; Article 76; Article 77; Article 77; Article 78; Article 80; Article 83;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2011)

Article 41; Article 42; Article 45; Article 46;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Representatives (2000)

Article 39; Article 40; Article 41; Article 42; Article 43; Article 44; Article 45; Article 46; Article 47; Article 48;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of the President of the Republic (2022)

Article 12; Article 13;

SLOVAKIA - Act of the National Council on Local Elections (1998)

Article 16; Article 16;

SLOVAKIA - Act on conditions for the exercise of the right to vote (2019)

Article 142 ; Article 144 ; Article 146; Article 147 ; Article 171 ; Article 173; Article 174 ; Article 176 ; Article 178; Article 179 ; Article 50 ; Article 51; Article 52; Article 54; Article 80; Article 82 ; Article 84 ;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Elections to the National Council (2004)

Section 18; Section 19; Section 20;

SLOVENIA - Election of Slovenian Members of the European Parliament (2017)

Article 15; Article 16; Article 17; Article 18;

SLOVENIA - Election of Members of the European Parliament Act (2004)

Article 15; Article 16; Article 17 ; Article 18 ;

SLOVENIA - Local Elections Act (2023)

Article 53; Article 67; Article 68; Article 71; Article 72; Article 73; Article 74 ;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2017)

Article 44; Article 45; Article 46; Article 47; Article 48; Article 49; Article 50; Article 51; Article 52; Article 53; Article 53 (a); Article 54; Article 55; Article 56; Article 57; Article 58; Article 59;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2024)

Article 44; Article 45; Article 46; Article 47; Article 48; Article 49; Article 50; Article 51; Article 52; Article 53; Article 53a; Article 54; Article 55; Article 56; Article 57; Article 58; Article 59;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2006)

SLOVENIA – National Assembly Election Act (as of February 2024) (1992)

SLOVENIA- National Assembly Elections Act (2000)

SPAIN - Representation of the People Institutional Act (2011)

Article 124; Article 127; Article 168; Article 169; Article 184; Article 187; Article 187 (bis); Article 220; Article 220 (bis); Article 222; Article 224; Article 45; Article 56; Article 57; Article 70; Artícle 71;

SWEDEN - Elections act (2021)

2.20; 2.9;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Act on Political Rights (2022)

Article 21; Article 22; Article 25 ; Article 29 ;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Act on Political Rights (2015)

Article 21; Article 22; Article 23 ; Article 25; Article 29;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 139; Article 191 (a); Article 191 (b); Article 191 (c); Article 191 (d); Article 191 (e); Article 22; Article 57; Article 58; Article 59; Article 60; Article 61; Article 62; Article 64; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67;

TÜRKIYE - Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers (1999)

Article 3;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Parliamentary Elections (2018)

Article 20;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Presidential Elections with Amendments made by Laws 7062, 7102 and 7140 (2018)

Article 8 (A);

UKRAINE - Election Code (2020)

Article 154; Article 155; Article 156; Article 217; Article 218; Article 219; Article 220; Article 221; Article 222; Article 223; Article 224;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2022)

Artice 224; Article 154; Article 155; Article 156; Article 157; Article 217; Article 218; Article 219; Article 220; Article 221; Article 222; Article 223;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of Deputies of Local Radas and of Village, Settlement, City Chairmen (1998)

Article 29;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2001)

Article 45;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the People's Deputies (2016)

Article 54.; Article 55.; Article 58. ; Article 59.;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the President (2004)

Article 51;

ALBANIA - Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 51; Paragraph 66;

ARMENIA - Joint Final Opinion on The Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 6; Paragraph 8;

ARMENIA - Joint Interim Opinion on the new draft Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 7;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2023)

Paragraph 41; Paragraphe 41;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draf Electoral Code (As of 18 April 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 118; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 120; Paragraph 121; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 50;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Constituional Law on Political Parties (2016)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14;

ARMENIA - Joint Urgent Opinion on Amendemnts to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 84; Paragraph 85;

ARMENIA - Second Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (As Amended on 30 June 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 73;

ARMENIA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 55;

AZERBAIJAN - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on amendments and changes to the Electoral Code adopted by the Council for Democratic Elections and the Venice Commission (2008)

Paragraph 17;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA- Joint Opinion on amendments to the Election Law (2008)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24;

BULGARIA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Election Code (2014)

Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2010)

Paragraph 12.60 (.60);

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Draft Organic Law on: Making amendments and additions into the Organic Law-Election Code of Georgia (2005)

Paragraph 27;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Unified Election Code (2002)

Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42;

HAITI - Final Opinion on Possible Constitutional and Legislative Solutions to Conduct Future Electoral Processes (2024)

Paragraph 49;

HUNGARY - Joint Opinion of the Act on the Elections of Members of Parliament (2012)

Paragraph 5.38 (.38);

HUNGARY - Joint Opinion on the 2020 Amendments to the Electoral Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 46;

Joint Guidelines for Preventing and Responding to the Misuse of Administrative Resources during Electoral Processes (2016)

Paragraph 13;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Code and other Related Laws Concerning Ineligibility of Persons Connected to Political Parties Declared Unconstitutional (2023)

Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Laws on Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2017)

Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 69;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinión on the Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2018)

Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 95;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2007)

Paragraph 35;

MOLDOVA- Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Election Law (2003)

Paragraph 75;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Law of the Gagauz Autonomous Territorial Unit of the Election of the Governor of Gagauzia (2007)

Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62;

MONTENEGRO - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of Members of Parliament and Councillors (2020)

Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57;

MONTENEGRO- Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Amendments and Supplements to the Law on the Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament (2010)

Paragraph 2B.18 (B.18);

MONTENEGRO- Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Amendments to the Law on Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament (2011)

Paragraph 2.6 (.6);

Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe (2020)

Paragraph 118; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 120; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 123; Paragraph 124; Paragraph 126; Paragraph 127; Paragraph 128; Paragraph 129; Paragraph 130;

Report on Term-Limits Part II - Members of Parliament- Part III - Representatives elected at Sub-national and Local Level and Executive Officials electred at Sub-national and Local Level (2019)

Paragraph 53;

Report on the Misuse of Administrative Resources during Electoral Processes (2013)

Paragraph 9;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Code (2022)

Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 68;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA – Amicus curiae brief on the status of, and the measures concerning, successor parties of political parties declared unconstitutional (2026)

Paragraph 61;

SERBIA - Joint opinion on the constitutional and legal framework governing the functioning of democratic institutions - Electoral law and electoral administration (2022)

Paragraph 130;

SERBIA - Joint Recommendations on the Laws on Parliamentary, Presidential and Local Elections and Electoral Administration (2006)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code as Amended on 9 November 2015 (2016)

Paragraph 46;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 104; Paragraph 105; Paragraph 117; Paragraph 118; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 125; Paragraph 165; Paragraph 166;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Revised Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 3B (B); Paragraph 3B.17 (B.17);

TÜRKIYE - Opinion on the Replacement of Elected Candidates and Mayors (2020)

Paragraph 31;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law No. 3366 about Elections to the Parliament (2009)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 18;

UKRAINE - Opinion on the Amendments to the Law on Elections Regarding the Exclusion of Candidates from Party Lists (2016)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 10; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 4; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 7; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 9;

UKRAINE- Opinion on the draft Law on election of people's deputies (Draft introducted by people's deputies S. Havrish, Y. Ioffe and H. Dashutin) (2003)

Paragraph 14;

UKRANIE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law Amending Certain Legislative Acts Which Restrict the Participation in the State Power of Persons Associated with Political Parties Whose Activities are Prohibited by Law (2023)

Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20 ; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30;

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