Council of Europe - Venice Commission

01. ESTONIA - Extracts of the Constitution (2025)

Article 156 ; Article 57;

ALBANIA - Constitution (2016)

Article 45;

ALBANIA - Constitution of Albania (2020)

Article 45; Article 86;

ANDORRA - Constitution (1993)

Article 24;

ARMENIA - Constitution (2015)

Article 48;

AUSTRIA - Extracts of the Costitution (2000)

Article 23 (a); Article 26; Article 26;

BELARUS - Constitution (2004)

Article 64;

BELGIUM - Constitution (2020)

Article 61;

BELGIUM - Extracts Constitution (2014)

Article 61; Article 64; Article 69;

BULGARIA - Constitution (2015)

Article 42;

BULGARIA - Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria (2023)

Article 42; Article 65; Article 93;

CROATIA - Constitution (2010)

Article 45;

CROATIA - Extracts of the Constitution (2013)

Article 45;

CYPRUS- Constitution of Cyprus (1960)

Article 40; Article 64; Article 94; Article 95;

CZECH REPUBLIC - Constitution (1993)

Article 56;

DENMARK- Extracts of the Constitution (1953)

Article 29;

ESTONIA - Extracts of the Constitution (1992)

Article 156; Article 60;

ESTONIA - Extracts of the Constitution (2011)

Article 156; Article 57;

FINLAND - Constitution (2011)

Section 14;

FINLAND - Constitution (2018)

Section 14;

GEORGIA - Constitution (2020)

Article 24;

GEORGIA - Extracts of Constitution (2006)

Article 28;

GERMANY - Basic Law for the Federal Republic (2014)

Article 38;

GERMANY - Constitution (2022)

Article 38; Article 54;

ITALY - Extracts of the Constitution (1947)

Article 48;

ITALY - Extracts of the Constitution (2024)

Article 48;

KOSOVO - Constitution (2015)

Article 45;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Constitution (2011)

Article 2;

LATVIA - Constitution (2019)

Article 8;

LATVIA - Extracts of the Constitution (2004)

Article 8;

LIECHTENSTEIN- Extracts of the Constitution (1921)

Article 111; Article 29;

LITHUANIA - Extracts of the Constitution (1992)

Article 34;

LUXEMBOURG- Extracts of the Constitution (1994)

Article 52;

MALTA- Extracts of the Constitution (1992)

Article 57;

MOLDOVA - Extracts of the Constitution (1994)

Article 38;

MONACO- Extracts of the Constitution (1962)

Article 53;

MONTENEGRO - Constitution (2013)

Article 45;

MOROCCO - Constitution (2011)

Article 30;

NETHERLANDS- Extracts of the Constitution (1983)

Article 129; Article 54;

NORWAY - Constitution (2023)

Article 50;

ROMANIA - Constitution Excerpts (2003)

Article 36;

SAN MARINO - Constitution (1974)

Article 7;

SERBIA - Constitution (2006)

Article 52 ;

SLOVENIA - Constitution (2016)

Article 43;

SLOVENIA - Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia ()

Article 43;

SPAIN - Extracts of the Constitution (1978)

Article 12;

SWEDEN - Extracts of the Constitution (2018)

Article 4;

SWITZERLAND - Constitution (2020)

Article 136;

SWITZERLAND - Extracts of the Constitution (2005)

Article 74;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (2021)

Article 136;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (1999)

Article 136;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Constitution of the Swiss Confederation (2015)

Article 136;

TUNISIA - Constitution (2014)

Article 54;

TÜRKIYE - Extracts of the Constitution (2001)

Article 67;

UKRAINE - Constitution (1996)

Article 70; Article 76;

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA - Constitution (1992)

AMENDMENT XXVI (1971) (Section 1);

04. ESTONIA - Riigikogu Election Act (2024)

Article 4 ;

17HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (as of December 2024) (2025)

Section 108 ; Section 349; Section 82 ; Section 84 ; Section 96 ;

19HUNGARY- Act CCXXXVIII of 2013 on initiating referendums, the European Citizens’ Initiative and referendum procedure (2025)

Section 64 ;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 3; Article 44; Article 56;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania (2020)

Article 44 ; Article 45;

ANDORRA - Electoral Law (2007)

Article 1;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2002)

Article 122; Article 2; Article 65; Article 97;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2021)

Article 2;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 2;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2016)

Article 2;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2018)

Article 2;

ARMENIA - Law on Referendum (2001)

Article 3;

ARMENIA- Electoral Code (2007)

Article 1;

AUSTRIA - Austrian European Electoral Records Act (2003)

Article 2;

AUSTRIA - Federal Law on National Council Elections (Regulations on National Council Elections 1992 – NRWO) (1992)

§ 21;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2003)

Article 12; Article 212;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2013)

Article 2;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2019)

Article 12;

AZERBAIJAN - Law on Local Elections (1999)

Article 20; Article 3;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2000)

Article 4;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 4;

BELARUS - Electoral Code (2013)

Article 4;

BELGIUM - Electoral Code (2014)

Article 1;

BiH_Election_Law_last amended 2024 (2001)

Article 1 (4);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (4);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2016)

Article 1.4; Article 20.9;

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2018)

Article 1 (4);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (4);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 1 (4);

BULGARIA - Election Code (2019)

Article 243; Article 244; Article 307; Article 308; Article 350; Article 351; Article 396; Article 397; Paragraph 1;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2020)

Article 243; Article 244; Article 307; Article 308; Article 350; Article 351; Article 396; Article 397; Paragraph 1;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2021)

Article 243; Article 244; Article 307; Article 308; Article 350; Article 351; Article 396; Article 397; § 1 (Additional provisions);

BULGARIA - Election Code (2014)

Article 243; Article 244; Article 350 ; Article 351; Article 396; Article 397; Article 397;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2023)

Article 243; Article 244; Article 350; Article 351; Article 396; Article 397;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2017)

Article 350; Article 351; Article 396; SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS (§ 1);

CANADA - Canada Elections Act (2023)

Paragraph 3;

CANADA - Elections Act (2019)

Article 3;

COSTA RICA - Electoral Act (2009)

ARTICLE 144;

CROATIA - Act on Local Elections 2012 and Act on Amendments 2016 (2012)

Article 2;

CROATIA - Act on the Election of National Minority Councils and Representatives (2019)

Article 4;

CROATIA - Law on the Election of the President (2011)

Article 1; Article 2;

CROATIA - Parliamentary Elections Act (2015)

Article 4;

CROATIA- The Law on the election of the President (1992)

Article 1; Article 2;

CZECH REPUBLIC - Act on Elections to the Parliament (2006)

Article 1;

DENMARK - Local and Regional Government Elections Act (2024)

Section 1;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Election Act (2014)

Article 1; Article 2; Article 3; Article 4; Article 5; Article 6;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2019)

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2020)

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2024)

Section 1;

DENMARK- Parliamentary Election Act (2009)

Article 1; Article 2;

ESTONIA - Riigikogu Election Act (2020)

Paragraph 4;

ESTONIA - Municipal Council Election Act (2020)

Paragraph 30 (1); Paragraph 5;

ESTONIA - Parliamentary Election Act (2016)

§ 4. ;

ESTONIA - Referendum Act (2002)

Article 2; Article 21; Article 22; Article 33; Article 42;

ESTONIA – Local Government Council Election Act (1999)

Article 3;

FINLAND - Elections Act (2016)

Section 2;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2021)

Article 10; Article 134; Article 167; Article 24; Article 3; Article 31; Article 96;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2016)

Article 10; Article 134; Article 167; Article 24; Article 3; Article 31; Article 96;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2018)

Article 10; Article 134; Article 167; Article 24; Article 3; Article 31; Article 96 ;

GERMANY - Federal Elections Act (2013)

Article 12; Section 15;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations (2017)

Section 27; Section 34; Section 39;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations as of 2020 (2020)

Section 27 ; Section 34; Section 39 ;

HUNGARY - Act CCXXXVIII of 2013 on Initiating Referendums, the European Citizens’ Initiative and Referendum Procedure (2013)

The European citizens’ initiative (64. § );

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2018)

Section 4;

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2013)

Section 4;

HUNGARY - Act No XXXIV of 1989 on the Election of Members of Parliament (1989)

Article 2;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (2024)

Section 102; Section 108; Section 349 ; Section 82; Section 84; Section 96;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2018)

Annex 2; Annex 2 (A); Section 100; Section 102; Section 108; Section 13 (A); Section 349; Section 82; Section 84;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2013)

Annex 2; Annex 2 (A); Section 100; Section 102; Section 108; Section 13 (A); Section 266; Section 335; Section 349; Section 82; Section 84; Section 97;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI on Election Procedure (2021)

Section 102; Section 108; Section 349; Section 82; Section 84; Section 96;

HUNGARY- Act LXIV on the Election of Local Municipal Government Representatives and Mayors (1990)

Article 2;

ICELAND - Act No. 24 Concerning Parliamentary Elections to the Althing (2008)

Article 1 ;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2021)

Article 27; Article 3; Article 4;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2023)

Article 27; Article 3; Article 4;

ICELAND - Local Government Elections Act (2016)

Article 18; Article 2; Article 3;

ICELAND - Local Government Elections Act No. 5/1998 (1998)

Article 18; Article 2;

IRELAND - Electoral Act (2016)

Article 10; Article 11; Article 111; Article 15; Article 41; Article 7; Article 8; Article 9;

KOREA - Public Offical Election Act (2014)

Article 15; Article 16; Article 17;

KOSOVO - Law No. 003/L-073 on General Elections and Amendments 2010 (2008)

Article 5;

KOSOVO - Law No. 03/L-072 on Local Elections (2008)

Article 9;

KOSOVO - Law on General Elections in the Republic of Kosovo (2023)

Article 6;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Electoral Code (2004)

Article 3; Article 58; Article 62; Article 69; Article 79; Article 88;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - On Presidential and Jogorku Kenesh Elections (2015)

Article 3; Article 50;

KYRGYZSTAN - Law on Elections of the President of the Republic and the Deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh (2020)

Article 16; Article 3; Article 50;

LATVIA - Law on the Election of Local Government Councils (2020)

Section 5. ; Section 8. ;

LATVIA - Saeima Election Law (2022)

Section 1. ;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (1998)

Article 1;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (1995)

Article 1;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (2019)

Article 1;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (2014)

Article 1; Article 4;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to Municipal Councils (2012)

Article 2;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2012)

Article 2; Article 2;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2016)

Article 2; Article 26; Article 71;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2018)

Article 2; Article 26;

LITHUANIA - Law on Presidential Elections (2012)

Article 4;

LITHUANIA - Law on Presidential Elections (2013)

Article 4;

LITHUANIA - Law on Referendum (2002)

Article 2; Article 38;

MALTA - General Elections Act (2012)

Article 33;

MALTA- General Elections Act (1996)

Article 20;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2019)

Article 1; Article 11; Article 110; Article 135; Article 82;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code 2016 and 2017 Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of Parliament) (2017)

Article 11; Article 12; Article 124; Article 99; Article I. (30. Article 76);

MOLDOVA- Electoral Code (1997)

Article 11; Article 124; Article 75;

MOLDOVA- Law on the Election of the President (1996)

Article 1; Article 2;

MOLDOVA_Electoral Code (amended 2025) (2025)

Article 109; Article 136; Article 14; Article 161; Article 3; Article 4; Article 54; Article 78;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Representatives (2023)

Article 11;

MONTENEGRO - Law on the Election of the President (2023)

Article 1;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Voter Register (2023)

Article 24;

MONTENEGRO - The Decree on Proclamation of the Law on Election of the President of Montenegro (2016)

Article 1;

MONTENEGRO- Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives (2002)

Article 11; Article 11;

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (1989)

Article 2B1.1 (B1.1); Article 2B2.1 (B2.1); Article 2B3.1 (B3.1); Article 2D.6 (D.6); Article 2I6 (I6);

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (2013)

Section B1; Section B2; Section B3; Section Y3; Section Ya14; § 2-2. Right to vote at local government elections;

NORTH MACEDONIA - ELECTORAL CODE (2019)

Article 2; Article 40; Article 41; Article 49; Article 6; Article 7;

NORWAY - Election Act (2018)

Paragraph 2 (1); Paragraph 2 (2);

NORWAY - Election Act (2021)

Section 6 (4);

POLAND - Election Code (2019)

Article 10;

POLAND - Election Code (2011)

Article 10;

POLAND - Election Code Amendments (2023)

Article 10 ;

POLAND - Election of the President (2004)

Article 2;

POLAND - Parliamentary Election Law (2001)

Article 6;

PORTUGAL - Electoral Law (2015)

Article 1; Article 24;

PORTUGAL - Law Governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic (2020)

Article 1;

REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA – Electoral Code (2022)

Article 2; Article 4 ; Article 8;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 109; Article 136; Article 14; Article 161; Article 3; Article 54; Article 78;

ROMANIA - Law for the Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2022)

Article 17; Article 22; Article 3; Article 4; Article 85;

ROMANIA - Law no. 115 for the election of local public administration authorities, amending the Law of local public administration no. 215/2001, as well as amending and supplementing Law no. 393/2004 on the statute of local elected offi cials (2015)

Article 22; Article 3; Article 4; Article 47; Article 51; Article 56; Article 85;

ROMANIA - Law No. 208 (2015)

Article 2 ; Article 33; Article 35; Article 38; Article 39; Article 46; Article 84;

ROMANIA - LAW No. 208 of 20 July 2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2024)

Article 33; Article 35; Article 38; Article 39; Article 46; Article 84;

ROMANIA - Law no. 208/2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2015)

Article 2; Article 35;

ROMANIA - Law no. 33 on the Rules and Regulations on the Elections to the european Parliament (2009)

Article 5;

ROMANIA - Law No. 370 (2024)

Article 2;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the President of Romania (2022)

Article 2; Article 44;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as the Organisation and Functioning of the Permanente Electoral Authority (2020)

Article 2; Article 33; Article 35; Article 38; Article 46; Article 84;

ROMANIA - Law on the Organisation and Conduct of the Elections to the European Parliament (2022)

Article 12; Article 14; Article 16; Article 17; Article 40; Article 5;

ROMANIA - Regulations for the 2016 Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2015)

Article 33; Article 35; Article 38; Article 46;

ROMANIA- Regulations on The Elections To The Chamber of Deputies and The Senate (2008)

Article 2 ;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens to Participate in a Referendum (2002)

Article 4; Article 44; Article 44;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum (2011)

Article 4;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Elections of Deputies to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (2016)

Article 4;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Federal Law on Presidential Elections in the Russian Federation (2011)

Article 26; Article 3;

SAN MARINO - Compilation of Electoral Legislation ()

Article 1;

SERBIA - Law on Election of the President of the Republic (2009)

Article 2;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2011)

Article 6;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2020)

Article 6;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2020)

Article 10;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of the President of the Republic (2022)

Article 3;

SERBIA - The Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (1997)

Article 10;

SLOVAKIA - Act on conditions for the exercise of the right to vote (2019)

Article 163 ; Article 3 ;

SLOVAKIA - Act on Election of the President of the Slovak Republic, Plebiscite, Recalling of President and Amending of some other Acts (2008)

Article 1 (Section 1);

SLOVAKIA - Act on Elections to the National Council (2004)

Section 2;

SLOVAKIA - Law on Procedure of the Election of the President, on Plebiscite and Removal of the President and on Supplementation of several other Laws (1999)

Article 1; Article 1;

SLOVENIA - Local Elections Act (2023)

Article 5;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2017)

Article 7;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2024)

Article 7 ;

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2006)

Article 7;

SLOVENIA- National Assembly Elections Act (2000)

Article 7;

SPAIN - Representation of the People Institutional Act (2011)

Article 2; Article 6; Article 69;

SWEDEN - Elections act (2021)

5.3;

SWEDEN - Swedish Code of Statutes: Mail Voting in Certain cases Act (2003)

Article 4;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Electoral Code (2015)

Article 2; Article 41; Article 49; Article 6;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Parliamentary Elections (2018)

Article 10;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Basic Provisions of Elections and Voter Registers (2014)

Article 6;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Basic Provisions on Elections and Voter Registers with Amendments made by Laws 7062, 7102 and 7140 (2018)

Article 6;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Presidential Elections with Amendments made by Laws 7062, 7102 and 7140 (2018)

Article 6;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2020)

Article 7;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2022)

Article 7 ;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2001)

Article 2; Article 8; Article 9;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2005)

Article 2; Article 39;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the People's Deputies (2016)

Article 2. ;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of the President (2004)

Article 2; Article 31; Article 36; Article 9;

ARMENIA - Joint Interim Opinion on the new draft Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 4;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Referendum (2017)

Paragraph 51;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA- Opinion on different proposals for the Election of the Presidency (2006)

Paragraph 21;

BULGARIA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2011)

Paragraph 3;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Unified Election Code (2002)

Paragraph 10;

Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe (2020)

Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84;

Report on Term-Limits Part II - Members of Parliament- Part III - Representatives elected at Sub-national and Local Level and Executive Officials electred at Sub-national and Local Level (2019)

Paragraph 19;

Report on the Abolition of Restrictions on the right to vote in General Elections (2005)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 7; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 9;

Report out-of Country Voting (2011)

Paragraph 30;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Electoral Code (2022)

Paragraph 124; Paragraph 130;

Revised Code of Good Practice on Referendums (2022)

1.1 (a);

SERBIA - Joint opinion on the constitutional and legal framework governing the functioning of democratic institutions - Electoral law and electoral administration (2022)

Paragraph 36;

UKRAINE - Comments on the Draft Law on the All-Ukrainian Referendum by Mr O. Lavrynovych (Member of Parliament) (2008)

Paragraph 17;

UKRAINE- Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on the state register of voters of Ukraine submitted by people's Deputies of Ukraine, Mr O. Zadorozhny and Yu. Klyuchkovsky (2006)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13;

REPORT ON CONSTITUENCY DELINEATION AND SEAT ALLOCATION (2017)

Paragraph 48;