Council of Europe - Venice Commission

ALBANIA - Constitution of Albania (2020)

Article 64;

BELGIUM - Constitution (2020)

Article 62; Article 68;

BELGIUM - Extracts of the Constitution (2001)

Article 63;

CANADA - Constitution (2020)

Article 42;

CZECH REPUBLIC - Constitution (1993)

Article 102; Article 18;

DENMARK- Extracts of the Constitution (1953)

Article 31;

ESTONIA - Extracts of the Constitution (1992)

Article 60;

FINLAND - Constitution (2011)

Article 25;

FINLAND - Constitution (2018)

Section 25;

GEORGIA - Constitution (2020)

Article 37;

IRELAND - Extracts of the Constitution (1937)

Article 12;

ITALY - Extracts of the Constitution (1947)

Article 56;

LATVIA - Constitution (2019)

Article 6; Article 7;

LATVIA - Extracts of the Constitution (2004)

Article 6; Article 7;

LIECHTENSTEIN- Extracts of the Constitution (1921)

Article 46;

LUXEMBOURG- Extracts of the Constitution (1994)

Article 51;

MALTA- Extracts of the Constitution (1992)

Article 56;

MOROCCO - Constitution (2011)

Article 62; Article 63;

NETHERLANDS- Extracts of the Constitution (1983)

Article 129;

NORWAY - Constitution (2023)

Article 59;

ROMANIA - Constitution Excerpts (2003)

Article 62;

SPAIN - Extracts of the Constitution (1978)

Article 68;

SWEDEN - Extracts of the Constitution (2018)

Article 1; Article 8;

SWITZERLAND - Constitution (2020)

Article 149;

SWITZERLAND - Extracts of the Constitution (2005)

Article 72; Article 73;

02. ESTONIA - Municipal Council Election Act (2025)

Article 9 ;

ALBANIA - Electoral Code (2003)

Article 14; Article 65; Article 66; Article 67; Article 68;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2002)

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2021)

Article 26;

ARMENIA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 104 (1); Article 125 ; Article 126; Article 129; Article 13; Article 130; Article 133 ; Article 134 ; Article 139; Article 141 ; Article 26 ; Article 77 ;

ARMENIA- Electoral Code (2007)

Article 100; Article 101; Article 104; Article 105; Article 106; Article 108; Article 109; Article 115; Article 116; Article 120; Article 63; Article 64; Article 95; Article 96; Article 99;

AUSTRIA - Federal Law on the Election of the National Council (National Council Election Regulation 1992 – NRWO) (1992)

Article 104;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2003)

Article 143;

AZERBAIJAN - Election Code (2019)

Article 143; Article 169; Article 203; Article 205; Article 238;

AZERBAIJAN - Law on Local Elections (1999)

Article 1; Article 5;

BiH – Election Law last (amended 2024) (2001)

Article 13 (1); Article 13 (5); Article 13 (6); Article 13 (10);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 13 (1); Article 13 (6); Article 13 (10);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Election Law of the Brcko District (2003)

Article 2.6 (.6);

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINIA - Election Law (2001)

Article 10.01 (.01); Article 10.09 (.09); Article 10.12 (.12); Article 10.15 (.15); Article 11.01 (.01); Article 11.09 (.09); Article 11.09 (.09); Article 11.10 (.10); Article 11.13 (.13); Article 12.03 (.03); Article 13.01 (.01); Article 13.07 (.07); Article 13.13 (.13); Article 9.02 (.02); Article 9.12 (.12); Article 9.14 (.14); Article 9.15 (.15);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2018)

Article 13 (1); Article 13 (5); Article 13 (6); Article 13 (7); Article 13 (10);

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 13 (1); Article 13 (5 ); Article 13 (6 ); Article 13 (7 ); Article 13 (10 ); Article 13 (2); Article 13.1;

BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA - Election Law (2022)

Article 13 (5); Article 13 (6); Article 13 (10);

BULGARIA - Election Code (2019)

ANNEX № 1 TO ART. 248 ((Suppl. – SG 39/16, in force from 26.05. 2016, ame); ANNEX № 2 TO ART. 312 ((suppl. - SG 39/16, in force from 26.05.2016, amen); ANNEX № 3 TO ART. 355 ((suppl. - SG 39/16, in force from 26.05.2016, amen); ANNEX № 4 TO ART. 452, PARA. 1 ((suppl. - SG 39/16, in force from 26.05.2016, amen); ANNEX № 5 TO ART. 453, PARA 1 ((amend. and suppl. - SG 39/16, in force from 26.05); Article 246; Article 297; Article 298; Article 299; Article 310; Article 353; Article 386; Article 399; Article 400; Article 405;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2020)

BULGARIA - Election Code (2021)

A N N EX № 4 TO A R T.452,PA R A .1 ((suppl. - SG 39/16, in force from 26.05.2016, amen); A N N EX № 5 TO A R T.453,PA R A 1 ((amend. and suppl. - SG 39/16, in force from 26.05); ANNEX № 1 TO ART. 248 ((Suppl.– SG 39/16,in force from 26.05.2016, amend.); ANNEX № 2 TO ART. 312 ((suppl. - SG 39/16, in force from 26.05.2016, amen); ANNEX № 3 TO A RT. 355 ((suppl.-SG 39/16,in forcefrom 26.05.2016,am end.-S); Article 246; Article 297; Article 298; Article 299; Article 310; Article 353; Article 386; Article 399; Article 400; Article 405;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2014)

Article 246 ; Article 310 ; Article 353; Article 399 ; Article 400; IV. Determining the seats under the proportional system in multi-mandate electoral regions;

BULGARIA - Election Code (2023)

Article 246; Article 310; Article 353; Article 399; Article 400; Article IV (Annex N° 1 to Art. 248);

BULGARIA- Presidential Elections Act (1991)

Article 11c (c);

CANADA - Elections Act (2019)

Article 313 ;

COSTA RICA - Electoral Act (2009)

ARTICLE 201; ARTICLE 202; ARTICLE 203; ARTICLE 204; ARTICLE 205;

CROATIA - Act on Election of Members of Representative Bodies of Local and Regional Self-Government Units (2005)

Article 27; Article 28;

CROATIA - Act on Local Elections 2012 and Act on Amendments 2016 (2012)

Article 76; Article 84; Article 88; Article 94;

CROATIA - Law on the Election of the President (2011)

Article 17;

CROATIA - Parliamentary Elections Act (2015)

Article 38; Article 40;

CROATIA- The Law on the election of the President (1992)

Article 17; Article 8;

CZECH REPUBLIC- Act on Elections to the Parliament and on Amendments of Certain Other Acts (1995)

Article 50; Article 58; Article 75; Article 76;

DENMARK - Consolidated Act Concerning the Election of the Danish Members of the European Parliament (2024)

Section 2; Section 34; Section 35;

DENMARK - Local and Regional Government Elections Act (2024)

Section 17; Section 81; Section 82; Section 84; Section 85; Section 86;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2019)

23; 29;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2020)

10; 23; 29; 76;

DENMARK - Parliamentary Elections Act (2024)

Section 10; Section 22; Section 23; Section 29; Section 76;

DENMARK- Folketing (Parliamentary) Election Act (1987)

Article 10; Article 76; Article 77; Article 78; Article 80; Article 81; Article 82; Article 85; Article 86;

DENMARK- Parliamentary Election Act (2009)

Article 10; Article 76; Article 77; Article 78; Article 79; Article 80; Article 81; Article 82; Article 92;

ESTONIA - Municipal Council Election Act (2020)

Paragraph 9;

ESTONIA - Parliamentary Election Act (2002)

Article 1;

ESTONIA - Referendum Act (2002)

Article 2;

ESTONIA – Local Government Council Election Act (1999)

Article 12; Article 28; Article 39; Article 9;

FINLAND - Elections Act (2016)

Section 6;

GEORGIA - Election Code (2021)

Article 149 (1); Article 186; Article 195; Article 196; Article 2;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Law (1999)

Article 1;

GERMANY - Federal Electoral Regulations as of 2020 (2020)

Section 78;

GERMANY – Federal Elections Act (amended March 2024) (1993)

Section 1; Section 4; Section 5; Section 6;

GERMANY – Federal Electoral Regulations (2002)

Section 78;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII of 2011 on the election of the Members of the National Assembly (2025)

Section 11 ; Section 13 ; Section 19 ; Section 3;

HUNGARY - Act CCIII on the Election of Members of the National Assembly (2021)

Section 11; Section 13 ; Section 19 ; Section 3;

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2018)

Section 10; Section 2; Section 8; Section 9;

HUNGARY - Act CXIII of 2003 on the Election of Members of the European Parliament (2013)

Section 10; Section 2; Section 8; Section 9;

HUNGARY - Act L of 2010 on the Election of Local Government Representatives and Mayors (2024)

Section 10; Section 11; Section 11 (A); Section 12; Section 13; Section 14; Section 15 ; Section 16; Section 17 ; Section 18; Section 19; Section 21; Section 5; Section 8;

HUNGARY - Act L of 2010 on the Election of Municipal Representatives and Mayors (2010)

Section 16.; Section 10; Section 11; Section 11 (A); Section 12; Section 13; Section 14; Section 15; Section 17; Section 18; Section 19; Section 21; Section 5; Section 8;

HUNGARY - Act No XXXIV of 1989 on the Election of Members of Parliament (1989)

Article 4; Article 7; Article 8; Article 9;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (2024)

Section 306 (A); Section 306 (B); Section 306 (C); Section 307 (E); Section 307 (F); Section 307 (G); Section 307 (N);

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on election procedure (as of December 2024) (2025)

Section 306 (A); Section 306 (B); Section 306 (C); Section 307 (E); Section 307 (F); Section 307 (G); Section 307 (N);

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2018)

Section 294; Section 296; Section 297; Section 306 (A); Section 306 (B); Section 306 (C); Section 307 (A); Section 307 (E); Section 307 (F); Section 307 (G); Section 307 (N);

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI of 2013 on Electoral Procedure (2013)

Section 252; Section 253; Section 256; Section 258; Section 294; Section 296; Section 297; Section 306 (A); Section 306 (B); Section 306 (C); Section 307 (A); Section 307 (E); Section 307 (F); Section 307 (G); Section 307 (N); Section 320;

HUNGARY - Act XXXVI on Election Procedure (2021)

Section 306 (A); Section 306 (B); Section 306 (C); Section 307 (E); Section 307 (F); Section 307 (G); Section 307 (N);

HUNGARY – Act L of 2010 on the election of local government representatives and mayors (2025)

Section 10 ; Section 11 ; Section 11 (A); Section 12 ; Section 13 ; Section 14 ; Section 15 ; Section 16; Section 17 ; Section 18; Section 19; Section 21 ; Section 5 ;

HUNGARY- Act LXIV on the Election of Local Municipal Government Representatives and Mayors (1990)

Article 42;

ICELAND - Act No. 24 Concerning Parliamentary Elections to the Althing (2008)

Article 8 ;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2021)

Article 109; Article 110; Article 111; Article 112; Article 113; Article 116; Article 117; Article 118;

ICELAND - Elections Act (2023)

Article 109; Article 110; Article 111; Article 112; Article 113; Article 116; Article 117; Article 118; Article 119a;

ICELAND - Local Government Elections Act No. 5/1998 (1998)

Article 19; Article 20;

IRELAND - Electoral Act (2016)

Article 28;

KAZAKHSTAN - Constitutional Act On Elections (2011)

Article 9;

KOSOVO - Law No. 003/L-073 on General Elections and Amendments 2010 (2008)

Article 110; Article 111; Article 112;

KOSOVO - Law No. 03/L-072 on Local Elections (2008)

Article 8; Article 9;

KOSOVO - Law on General Elections in the Republic of Kosovo (2023)

Article 110; Article 111; Article 112;

KYRGYZSTAN - Law on Elections of the President of the Republic and the Deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh (2020)

Article 59;

LATVIA - Law on the Election of Local Government Councils (2020)

Section 1; Section 41. ;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (1998)

Article 10; Article 38; Article 39; Article 40; Article 8;

LATVIA - The Saeima Election Law (1995)

Article 38; Article 39; Article 8;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2012)

Article 9;

LITHUANIA - Law on Elections to the Seimas (2018)

Article 1; Article 3; Article 88; Article 89; Article 90; Article 97;

LITHUANIA - Law on the Elections to the European Parliament (2003)

Article 1;

MALTA - European Parliament Elections Act (2023)

Article 7;

MALTA - General Elections Act (2023)

Article 18 ; Article 51 ;

MALTA - General Elections Act (2012)

Article 109;

MALTA - Referenda Act (2023)

Article 20;

MALTA- General Elections Act (1996)

Article 18;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2019)

Article 120; Article 121; Article 128; Article 144; Article 145; Article 178; Article 208; Article 94; Article 95; Article 96;

MOLDOVA - Electoral Code 2016 and 2017 Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of Parliament) (2017)

Article 1; Article 109; Article 110; Article 133; Article 134; Article 198; Article I. (1.); Article I. (30. Article 73); Article I. (30. Article 89); Article I. (30. Article 90); Article I. (30. Article 91); Article I. (30. Article 92); Article I. (30. Article 93);

MOLDOVA – Electoral Code (amended 2025) (2025)

Article 101; Article 146; Article 147; Article 173; Article 208; Article 21; Article 228; Article 31; Article 32; Article 35; Article 38;

MOLDOVA- Electoral Code (1997)

Article 133; Article 86; Article 87; Article 88;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament (2016)

Article 1;

MONTENEGRO - Law on Election of Councillors and Representatives (2023)

Article 104; Article 4; Article 93; Article 94; Article 95; Article 96; Article 97;

MONTENEGRO - Law on the Election of the President (2023)

Article 16; Article 17; Article 18;

MONTENEGRO - The Decree on Proclamation of the Law on Election of the President of Montenegro (2016)

Article 16; Article 17; Article 18;

MONTENEGRO- Law on the Election of Councillors and Representatives (2002)

Article 12; Article 4; Article 93; Article 94;

NETHERLANDS - Elections Act (2013)

Section U10; Section U12; Section U15; Section U8;

NORTH MACEDONIA - ELECTORAL CODE (2019)

Article 4;

NORWAY - Election Act (2018)

Paragraph 11 (1); Paragraph 11 (2); Paragraph 11 (3); Paragraph 11 (4); Paragraph 11 (5); Paragraph 11 (6); Paragraph 11 (7); Paragraph 11 (9); Paragraph 11 (10); Paragraph 11 (11); Paragraph 11 (12); Paragraph 11 (13); Paragraph 12 (1); Paragraph 12 (3); Paragraph 14 (2);

POLAND - Election Code (2019)

Article 192; Article 196; Article 256;

POLAND - Election Code (2011)

Article 204;

POLAND - Election of the President (2004)

Article 4; Article 8B (B);

POLAND - Parliamentary Election Law (2001)

Article 100; Article 189;

PORTUGAL - Law Governing Elections to the Assembly of the Republic (2020)

Article 16; Article 17;

REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA – Electoral Code (2022)

Article 1; Article 2;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Electoral Code (2022)

Article 101; Article 146; Article 147; Article 173; Article 208; Article 21; Article 228; Article 239; Article 31; Article 32; Article 35; Article 38;

ROMANIA - Law for the Election of Local Public Administration Authorities (2022)

Article 137 (10); Article 68;

ROMANIA - Law no. 115 for the election of local public administration authorities, amending the Law of local public administration no. 215/2001, as well as amending and supplementing Law no. 393/2004 on the statute of local elected offi cials (2015)

Article 1; Article 101; Article 67;

ROMANIA - Law No. 208 (2015)

Article 5 ; Article 8 ;

ROMANIA - LAW No. 208 of 20 July 2015 on the election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as on the organisation and functioning of the Permanent Electoral Authority (2024)

Article 3; Article 5; Article 8;

ROMANIA - Law no. 33 on the Rules and Regulations on the Elections to the european Parliament (2009)

Article 4;

ROMANIA - Law No. 370 (2024)

Article 1 ; Article 2;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the President of Romania (2022)

Article 1; Article 2;

ROMANIA - Law on the Election of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, as well as the Organisation and Functioning of the Permanente Electoral Authority (2020)

Article 5; Article 8;

ROMANIA - Law on the Organisation and Conduct of the Elections to the European Parliament (2022)

Article 4;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION - Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and the Right of Citizens to Participate in a Referendum (2002)

Article 53;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (1993)

Article 3;

SERBIA - Decree on Enactment of the Election of the Federal Representatives to the Council of Citizens of the Federal Assembly Law (2000)

Article 3;

SERBIA - Law on Local Elections (2020)

Article 41; Article 42; Article 43; Article 7; Article 9;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2020)

Article 4; Article 80; Article 81; Article 82; Article 83; Article 84;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of Members of Parliament (2022)

Article 128; Article 129; Article 130; Article 135; Article 140; Article 5;

SERBIA - Law on the Election of the President of the Republic (2022)

Article 21; Article 23;

SLOVENIA - Local Elections Act (2023)

SLOVENIA - National Assembly Elections Act (2024)

Article 2;

SLOVENIA – National Assembly Election Act (as of February 2024) (1992)

Article 2;

SLOVENIA- National Assembly Elections Act (2000)

Article 19; Article 2; Article 20; Article 89; Article 90; Article 91; Article 92; Article 93; Article 96;

SPAIN - Representation of the People Institutional Act (2011)

Article 196; Article 197; Article 198; Article 199; Article 200; Article 42;

SWEDEN - Elections act (2021)

14.3; 14.4; 14.4a; 14.6; 14.7; 14.9; 4.10; 4.14; 4.15; 4.3; 4.9;

SWITZERLAND - Federal Act on Political Rights (2022)

Article 47;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Election of Members of Parliament (1998)

Article 125; Article 2;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Local Elections (2004)

Article 15; Article 70; Article 84;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Law on Voters' List (2002)

Article 5;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Parliamentary Elections (2018)

Article 2;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Elections of Local Administrations and Neighborhood Mukhtars and Board of Elderman (2012)

Article 23;

TÜRKIYE - Law on Presidential Elections with Amendments made by Laws 7062, 7102 and 7140 (2018)

Article 4;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2020)

Article 192;

UKRAINE - Election Code (2022)

Article 192;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of Deputies of Local Radas and of Village, Settlement, City Chairmen (1998)

Article 2; Article 3; Article 4;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2001)

Article 1;

UKRAINE - Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2005)

Article 1; Article 96;

UNITED KINGDOM - Elections Act (2022)

Article 13;

UNITED KINGDOM - Elections Act (2024)

13;

ALBANIA - Joint Opinion on the Amendements to the Constitution of 30 July of 2020 and to the Electoral Code of 5 Octobre 2020 (2020)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47;

ALBANIA - Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 5; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 59;

ALBANIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2009)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17;

ARMENIA - First Opinion on the Draft Amendments to the Constitution (Charters 1 to 7 and 10) (2015)

Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 79; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2023)

Paragraph 11;

ARMENIA - Joint Opinion on the Draf Electoral Code (As of 18 April 2016) (2016)

Paragraph 22; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38;

ARMENIA - Joint Urgent Opinion on Amendemnts to the Electoral Code and Related Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 23; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50;

ARMENIA - Opinion on the Draft Concept Paper on the Constitutional Reforms (2014)

Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60;

ARMENIA - Second Opinion on the Draft Amendments to the Constitution (In Particular to Chapters 8, 9, 11 to 16) (2015)

Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35;

ARMENIA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69;

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA - Amicus Curiae Brief for the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina on the Mode of Election of Delegates to the House of Peoples of the Parliament of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2016)

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA- Joint Opinion on amendments to the Election Law (2008)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15;

Comparative Report on thresholds and other features of electoral systems which bar parties from access to Parliament (2008)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 3; Paragraph 4; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 9;

Declaration on Women's Participation in Elections (2006)

Page 1;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Election Code as of 8 January 2016 (2016)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 9;

GEORGIA - Joint opinion on draft amendments to the Election Code and the Law on Political Associations of Citizens (2022)

Paragraph 36; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 9;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Election Code and to the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament of Georgia (2023)

Paragraph 49;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2006)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 58;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18;

GEORGIA - Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2010)

Paragraph 3.16 (.16);

GEORGIA - Joint Urgent Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Election Code (2021)

Paragraph 29; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 72;

GEORGIA - Opinion on Amendments to the Election Code Which Abolish Gender Quotas (2024)

GEORGIA - Opinion on the amendments to the Organic Law Election Code of Georgia, pertaining to local elections (2025)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Draft Organic Law on: Making amendments and additions into the Organic Law-Election Code of Georgia (2005)

Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 34;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Draft Revised Constitution (2017)

Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 92; Paragraph 93; Paragraph 94; Paragraph 95;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Unified Election Code (2002)

Paragraph 22; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 85; Paragraph 90;

GEORGIA - Opinion on the Unified Election Code (2004)

Paragraph 50;

GEORGIA - Urgent Joint Opinion Revised Draft Amendments to the Election Code (2021)

Paragraph 2;

GEORGIA – Follow-up Opinion to the Joint Opinion of the Venice Commission and ODIHR on the Draft Amendments to the Election Code and to the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament (2024)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 9;

GERMANY - Joint Opinion on the Amendments to the Federal Election Act (2023)

HAITI - Final Opinion on Possible Constitutional and Legislative Solutions to Conduct Future Electoral Processes (2024)

HUNGARY - Joint Opinion on the 2020 Amendments to the Electoral Legislation (2021)

Paragraph 22; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40;

HUNGARY – Opinion on act LXXIX of 2024 amending certain laws relating to elections (2025)

Section 24. ;

Joint Report of the Venice Commission and of the Directorate of Information Society and Action Against Crime of the Directorate General of Human Rights and Rule of Law - On Digital Technologies and Elections (2019)

Paragraph 53;

KYRGYZ REPUBLIC - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Presidential and Parliamentary Elections, The Draft Law on Elections to Local Governments and the Draft Law on the Formation of Election Commissions (2011)

Paragraph 113; Paragraph 114; Paragraph 115; Paragraph 116; Paragraph 117; Paragraph 118; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 120; Paragraph 121; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 123; Paragraph 124;

MEXICO- Opinion on the Draft Constitutional Amendments Concerning theElectoral System (2022)

Paragraph 25; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 29;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Code and other Related Laws Concerning Ineligibility of Persons Connected to Political Parties Declared Unconstitutional (2023)

Paragraph 20;

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinion on the Draft Laws on Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2017)

MOLDOVA - Joint Opinión on the Law for Amending and Completing Certain Legislative Acts (Electoral System for the Election of the Parliament) (2018)

Paragraph 19; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28;

MOLDOVA – Urgent joint opinion on the draft Law no. 263 amending the Electoral Code, the Contravention Code and the Code of Audiovisual Media Services (2020)

Paragraph 17;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Draft Law Amending the Electoral Legislation (2014)

Paragraph 25; Paragraph 37;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Election Code (2008)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2007)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21;

MOLDOVA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 43;

MOLDOVA- Joint Recommendations on the Electoral Law and the Electoral Administration (2004)

Paragraph 7; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 9;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Election Law (2003)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 100; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 2; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 3; Paragraph 4; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 7; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 9;

MOLDOVA- Opinion on the Law of the Gagauz Autonomous Territorial Unit of the Election of the Governor of Gagauzia (2007)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17;

MONTENEGRO - Urgent Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of Members of Parliament and Councillors (2020)

Paragraph 21;

MONTENEGRO- Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Amendments and Supplements to the Law on the Election of Councillors and Members of Parliament (2010)

Paragraph 3A.30 (A.30);

Report on Democracy, Limitation of Mandates and Incompatibility of Political Functions (2012)

Report on Dual Voting For Persons Belonging to National Minorities (2008)

Report on Electoral Law and Electoral Administration in Europe (2020)

Report on Electoral Rules and Affirmative Action for National Minorities´Participation in Decision-Making Process in European Countries (2005)

Report on Proportional Electoral Systems: The Allocation of seats inside the lists (open/closed) lists (2015)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 9;

Report on Term-Limits Part I - Presidents (2018)

Paragraph 118; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 120; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 127; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 90; Paragraph 93;

Report on Term-Limits Part II - Members of Parliament- Part III - Representatives elected at Sub-national and Local Level and Executive Officials electred at Sub-national and Local Level (2019)

Paragraph 28; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 66;

Report on the Impact of Electoral Systems on Women's Representation in Politics (2009)

Paragraph 101; Paragraph 103; Paragraph 105; Paragraph 108; Paragraph 109; Paragraph 110; Paragraph 111; Paragraph 112; Paragraph 113; Paragraph 114; Paragraph 115; Paragraph 118; Paragraph 119; Paragraph 120; Paragraph 121; Paragraph 122; Paragraph 125; Paragraph 126; Paragraph 127; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 51; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 72; Paragraph 73; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 85; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 88; Paragraph 89; Paragraph 90; Paragraph 91; Paragraph 95; Paragraph 96;

Report on the Recall of Mayors and Local Elected Representatives (2019)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 91;

Report on the Thresholds and other Features of Electoral Systems which bar Parties from acces to Parliament (II) (2010)

Report out-of Country Voting (2011)

Paragraph 84;

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA - Opinion on the Law on the Partial Implementation of the Postal Vote (2024)

Paragaph 21; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 63;

Revised Interpretative Declaration on the Stability of Electoral Law (2024)

Paragraph 1 ; Paragraphe 2;

ROMANIA - Opinion on the Emergency Ordinance regarding the merger of the 2024 elections for the European Parliament and for the local authorities (2025)

Paragraph 36;

RUSSIAN FEDERATION- Opinion on the Federal Law on the Election of the Deputies of the State Duma (2012)

Paragraph 3;

SERBIA - Joint opinion on the constitutional and legal framework governing the functioning of democratic institutions - Electoral law and electoral administration (2022)

Paragraph 127; Paragraph 128; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 59;

SERBIA - Joint Recommendations on the Laws on Parliamentary, Presidential and Local Elections and Electoral Administration (2006)

Paragraph 39; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 85;

SERBIA - Urgent Opinion on the Draft Law on the Referendum and the People's Initiative (2021)

Paragraph 9;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code as Amended on 9 November 2015 (2016)

Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Electoral Code (2006)

Paragraph 108; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 151; Paragraph 152; Paragraph 153;

THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA- Joint Opinion on the Revised Electoral Code (2011)

Paragraph 3D.26 (D.26);

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on Amendments to the Electoral Legislation and Related "Harmonisation Laws" Adopted in March and April 2018 (2018)

Paragraph 24; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36;

TÜRKIYE - Joint Opinion on the Amendmets to the Electoral Legislation by Law No. 7393 of 31 March 2022 (2022)

Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law No. 3366 about Elections to the Parliament (2009)

Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26;

UKRAINE - Joint Opinion on the Draft Law on Elections of People's Deputies (2011)

Paragraph 19; Paragraph 22;

UKRAINE - Opinion on the Draft Law Amending the Law on Election of People's Deputies of Ukraine Presented by People's Deputies Lavrynovych and Portnov (2009)

Paragraph 10; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 7; Paragraph 9;

UKRAINE- Opinion on the draft Law on election of people's deputies (Draft introducted by people's deputies S. Havrish, Y. Ioffe and H. Dashutin) (2003)

Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 19;

VENEZUELA - ON THE LEGAL ISSUES RAISED BY DECREE No. 2878 OF 23 MAY 2017 OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC ON CALLING ELECTIONS TO A NATIONAL CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY (2017)

Paragraph 19; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 63;

Report on Electoral Systems - Overview of available solutions and selection criteria (2003)

2.4; Paragraph 1; Paragraph 10; Paragraph 100; Paragraph 101; Paragraph 102; Paragraph 103; Paragraph 104; Paragraph 105; Paragraph 106; Paragraph 107; Paragraph 108; Paragraph 109; Paragraph 110; Paragraph 111; Paragraph 112; Paragraph 113; Paragraph 114; Paragraph 115; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14; Paragraph 15; Paragraph 16; Paragraph 17; Paragraph 18; Paragraph 19; Paragraph 2; Paragraph 20; Paragraph 21; Paragraph 22; Paragraph 23; Paragraph 24; Paragraph 25; Paragraph 26; Paragraph 27; Paragraph 28; Paragraph 29; Paragraph 3; Paragraph 30; Paragraph 31; Paragraph 32; Paragraph 33; Paragraph 34; Paragraph 35; Paragraph 36; Paragraph 37; Paragraph 38; Paragraph 39; Paragraph 4; Paragraph 40; Paragraph 41; Paragraph 42; Paragraph 43; Paragraph 44; Paragraph 45; Paragraph 46; Paragraph 47; Paragraph 48; Paragraph 49; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 50; Paragraph 52; Paragraph 53; Paragraph 54; Paragraph 55; Paragraph 56; Paragraph 57; Paragraph 58; Paragraph 59; Paragraph 60; Paragraph 61; Paragraph 62; Paragraph 63; Paragraph 64; Paragraph 65; Paragraph 66; Paragraph 67; Paragraph 68; Paragraph 69; Paragraph 7; Paragraph 70; Paragraph 71; Paragraph 72; Paragraph 73; Paragraph 74; Paragraph 75; Paragraph 76; Paragraph 77; Paragraph 78; Paragraph 79; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 80; Paragraph 81; Paragraph 82; Paragraph 83; Paragraph 84; Paragraph 85; Paragraph 86; Paragraph 87; Paragraph 88; Paragraph 89; Paragraph 9; Paragraph 90; Paragraph 91; Paragraph 92; Paragraph 93; Paragraph 94; Paragraph 95; Paragraph 96; Paragraph 97; Paragraph 98; Paragraph 99;

Report on the compatibility of remote voting and electronic voting with the standards of the Council of Europe (2004)

Paragraph 11;